Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the critically ill patients, including pulmonary and non-pulmonary disorder groups
| Characteristic | Non-pulmonary disorder (n = 9,063) | Pulmonary disorder (n = 3,875) | Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yr | 64.9 ± 15.3 | 71.1 ± 13.3 | 6.1 (5.6 to 6.7) |
| Male sex | 5,129 (56.6) | 2,415 (62.4) | 5.7 (3.9 to 7.6) |
| Residence in rural areas | 5,561 (61.4) | 2,421 (62.5) | 1.1 (–0.7 to 2.9) |
| PM10 concentration increased compared to previous year | 3,657 (40.5) | 1,612 (41.8) | 1.2 (–0.6 to 3.1) |
| Ozone concentration increased compared to previous year | 6,874 (76.0) | 3,072 (79.4) | 3.4 (1.9 to 5.0) |
| No. of total healthcare units per area (10 km2) | 530.2 ± 445.1 | 514.3 ± 441.1 | –15.9 (–32.6 to 0.8) |
| No. of tertiary healthcare units per area (10 km2) | 2.3 ± 3.5 | 2.2 ± 3.4 | –0.1 (–0.2 to 0.04) |
| Income, decile | |||
| 1st | 727 (8.0) | 317 (8.1) | 0.2 (–0.9 to 1.2) |
| 2nd | 543 (6.0) | 190 (4.9) | –1.1 (–1.9 to –0.3) |
| 3rd | 522 (5.8) | 199 (5.1) | –0.6 (–1.5 to 0.2) |
| 4th | 653 (7.2) | 217 (5.6) | –1.6 (–2.5 to –0.7) |
| 5th | 623 (6.9) | 229 (5.9) | –1.0 (–1.9 to –0.1) |
| 6th | 690 (7.6) | 222 (5.7) | –1.9 (–2.8 to –1.0) |
| 7th | 830 (9.2) | 315 (8.1) | –1.0 (–2.1 to 0.02) |
| 8th | 881 (9.7) | 391 (10.1) | 0.4 (–0.8 to 1.5) |
| 9th | 1,104 (12.2) | 508 (13.1) | 0.9 (–0.3 to 2.2) |
| 10th | 1,171 (12.9) | 576 (14.9) | 1.9 (0.6 to 3.3) |
| Not recorded | 1,319 (14.6) | 711 (18.3) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index | |||
| 0–1 | 756 (8.3) | 121 (3.1) | –5.2 (–6.0 to –4.4) |
| 2–4 | 3,988 (44.0) | 1,831 (47.3) | 3.2 (1.4 to 5.1) |
| > 4 | 4,319 (47.7) | 1,923 (49.6) | 2.0 (0.1 to 3.9) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Cerebrovascular accident | 1,471 (16.2) | 381 (9.8) | –6.4 (–7.6 to –5.2) |
| Moderate to severe chronic kidney disease | 650 (7.2) | 255 (6.6) | –1.4 (–2.3 to –0.5) |
| Chronic liver disease | 3,457 (38.1) | 1,614 (41.7) | 3.5 (1.7 to 5.4) |
| COPD | 839 (9.3) | 1,306 (33.7) | 24.4 (22.8 to 26.0) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1,922 (21.2) | 1,091 (28.2) | 6.9 (5.3 to 8.6) |
| Connective tissue disease | 88 (1.0) | 46 (1.2) | 0.2 (–0.2 to 0.6) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4,931 (54.4) | 2,289 (59.1) | 4.7 (2.8 to 6.5) |
| Malignancy | 1,895 (20.9) | 744 (19.2) | –1.7 (–3.2 to –0.2) |
| Myocardial infarction | 1,167 (12.9) | 379 (9.8) | –3.1 (–4.3 to –1.9) |
| Peripheral vascular disorder | 1,273 (14.0) | 605 (15.6) | 1.6 (0.2 to 2.9) |
| Severity of disability | |||
| Severe (grade 1 and 2) | 759 (8.4) | 588 (15.2) | 6.8 (5.5 to 8.1) |
| Mild (grade 3, 4, 5, and 6) | 1,211 (13.4) | 686 (17.7) | 4.3 (3.0 to 5.7) |
| No disability | 7,093 (78.3) | 2,601 (67.1) | –11.1 (–12.8 to –9.4) |
Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%).
CI, confidence interval; PM10, particulate matter, 10 μm or less in diameter; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.