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. 2020 Nov 10;18:355. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01822-4

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Associations between the frailty phenotype, the frailty index, and severe COVID-19 infection. Data presented as RRs with their 95% CIs using Poisson regression analyses. Robust individuals were used as the reference group for the frailty phenotype and the frailty index. Model 1, adjusted by age and sex; model 2, as model 1 but also included deprivation, and ethnicity: white versus others; model 3, included smoking and alcohol intake only; model 4, included the covariates in models 2 and 3