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. 2020 Nov 10;18:355. doi: 10.1186/s12916-020-01822-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Associations between the frailty phenotype, the frailty index, and severe COVID-19 infection by subgroups. Data presented as RRs with their 95% CIs using Poisson regression analyses. Robust individuals were used as the reference group for the frailty phenotype and the frailty index. All the analyses were adjusted by age, sex, deprivation, ethnicity, smoking, and alcohol intake when these were not the subgroup used