Table 2.
Demographics and risk factors of primary prevention heart failure patients.
| Parameter | Total population | ICM | NICM | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (yrs) | 59 ± 16 | 62 ± 12 | 55 ± 18 | 0.045 |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 15 (18.3%) | 3 (7.3%) | 12 (3%) | 0.011 |
| Male | 67 (81.7%)† | 38 (92.7%) | 28 (70%) | |
| Indigenous | 3 (3.7%)† | 2 (4.9%) | 1 (2.5%) | – |
| Height (cm) | 173 ± 9 | 175 ± 7 | 171 ± 10 | 0.129 |
| Weight (kg) | 89 ± 22 | 89 ± 19 | 90 ± 25 | 0.936 |
| BMI | 29 ± 6 | 29 ± 5 | 30 ± 7 | 0.674 |
| LVEF (%) | 29 ± 13 | 27 ± 8 | 31 ± 17 | 0.759 |
| Cardiomyopathy type | ICM: 41 (50%) | 41 (50%) | 40 (48.8%) | 0.912 |
| NICM: 40 (48.8%) | Dilated cardiomyopathy: 31 (37.8%) | |||
| Mixed: 1 (1.2%) | ||||
| Channelopathy: 2 (2.4%) | ||||
| HCM: 4 (4.9%) | ||||
| LV non compaction: 1 (1.2%) | ||||
| Sarcoidosis: 1 (1.2%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 39 (47.6%) | 23 (57.5%) | 16 (42.1%) | 0.275 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 24 (29.3%)† | 13 (32.5%) | 11 (29%) | 0.809 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 58 (70.7%)† | 36 (90%) | 22 (58%) | 0.002 |
| OSA | 9 (11%) | 0 (0%) | 9 (23.7%) | 0.001 |
| Obesity | 34 (41.5%) | 19 (46.3%) | 15 (38.5%) | 0.506 |
| Alcohol abuse | 14 (17.1%) | 4 (10%) | 10 (26.3%) | 0.079 |
| COPD | 15 (18.3%) | 11 (27.5%) | 4 (10.5%) | 0.084 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Current | 9 (11 %) | 6 (15%) | 3 (7.9%) | – |
| Former | 25 (30.5%) | 18 (45%) | 7 (18.4%) | |
| Unknown | 5 (6.1%) | 3 (7.5%) | 2 (5.2%) | |
| Atrial fibrillation | ||||
| Chronic | 9 (11%) | 3 (7.3%) | 6 (15.8%) | – |
| PAF | 26 (31.7%) | 16 (39%) | 10 (26.3%) | |
| CABG | ||||
| Primary | 23 (28%) | 23 (57.5%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Redo | 1 (1.2%) | 1 (2.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
| PCI with stent | ||||
| Single | 5 (6.1%) | 4 (40%) | 1 (2.6%) | – |
| x2 or more | 8 (9.8%) | 8 (20%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Valve replacement | ||||
| Mitral | 2 (2.4%) | 2 (5%) | 0 (0%) | – |
| Aortic | 3 (3.7%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (2.5%) | |
Data presented as total (%) or mean ± standard deviation.
†
p < 0.05. The patient with mixed indication was Male, Non-Indigenous, 166 cm, 77 kg, with a BMI of 31 and LVEF of 25%, and the following comorbidities: Hypertension, Hypercholesterolemia, Obesity, COPD, Former smoker and PCI with single stent. ICM, Ischemic Cardiomyopathy; NICM, Non-Ischemic Cardiomyopathy; BMI, Body Mass Index; LVEF, Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction; LV, Left Ventricle; HCM, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; OSA, Obstructive Sleep Apnea; COPD, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; CABG, Coronary Artery Bypass Graft; AF, Atrial Fibrillation; PAF, Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation.