Table 3.
Subgroup analyses with respect to types of bisphosphonates.
| Subgroupsa | Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates | Non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of studies | RR (95% CI) | I2 | P for heterogeneity | Number of studies | RR (95% CI) | I2 | P for heterogeneity | |
| Oesophageal cancer | 8 | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) | 53% | 0.04 | 3 | 1.36 (0.97–1.90) | 57% | 0.10 |
| Gastric cancer | 6 | 0.91 (0.75–1.10) | 30% | 0.21 | 2 | 1.07 (0.53–2.17) | 87% | <0.01 |
| Small-bowel cancer | 1 | 2.19 (0.46–10.41) | NA | NA | 1 | 1.56 (0.56–4.36) | NA | NA |
| Colorectal cancer | 7 | 0.93 (0.79–1.09) | 87% | <0.01 | 4 | 0.95 (0.85–1.07) | 35% | 0.20 |
| Liver cancer | 3 | 1.36 (0.90–2.04) | 65% | 0.06 | 1 | 2.14 (1.23–3.72) | NA | NA |
| Bladder cancer | 2 | 1.18 (0.60–2.29) | 47% | 0.17 | 1 | 1.41 (0.79–2.53) | NA | NA |
| Pancreas cancer | 2 | 1.11 (0.77–1.62) | 7% | 0.30 | 1 | 1.75 (1.32–2.33) | NA | NA |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 2 | 1.15 (0.77–1.72) | 0% | 0.99 | 1 | 1.18 (0.94–1.49) | NA | NA |
| Breast cancer | 6 | 0.94 (0.90–0.99) | 0% | 0.68 | 2 | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 39% | 0.20 |
| Cervical cancer | 3 | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) | 0% | 0.47 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Endometrial cancer | 5 | 0.70 (0.54–0.92) | 33% | 0.20 | 1 | 0.40 (0.06–2.74) | NA | NA |
| Ovarian cancer | 3 | 0.89 (0.47–1.69) | 47% | 0.15 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Prostate cancer | 2 | 1.16 (0.56–2.39) | 78% | 0.03 | 1 | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | NA | NA |
| Lung cancer | 4 | 1.05 (0.91–1.22) | 70% | 0.02 | 2 | 1.40 (0.77–2.54) | 80% | 0.02 |
NA not available.
aLymphoma or leukaemia and oral cancer were not listed in the table because the number of studies was too few to analyse.
The bold values represent P value < 0.05.