Table 2.

Prevalence of human leishmaniasis estimates by subgroup analysis in the region and study design

Region/study design	Authors	RR	95% CI	Weight	Heterogeneity statistic	df	p value	I-squared	Tau-squared
SNNPR	Ali et al. (1993)	36.4	10.9–61.9	2.6	4.2	3	0.13	51.8%	134.7
	Negera et al. (2008)	4.8	− 13.5 to 23.1	5.1
	Bekele et al. (2018)	8.6	− 14 to 31.2	3.4
	Pooled effect size	15.1	− 3.2 to 33.3	11.1
Tigray	Bsrat et al. (2015)	14	− 17.2 to 45.2	1.8	0.3	3	0.96	0.0%	0.00
	Bsrat et al. (2018)	8.8	− 1.3 to 18.9	16.9
	Tedla et al. (2018)	8.4	− 80.2 to 97	0.2
	Yohannes et al. (2019)	2.3	− 26.5 to 31.1	2.1
	Pooled effect size	8.6	− 0.5 to 17.6	20.9
Amhara	Wondimeneh et al. (2018)	39.1	− 41.8 to 120	0.3	0.6	1	0.45	0.0%	0.00
	Ayehu et al. (2018)	7.6	0.5–14.7	34.6
	Pooled effect size	7.8	0.8–14.9	34.7
Somali or Benshangul Gumuz	Abera et al. (2016)	6.9	− 1.6 to 15.4	24	1.2	1	0.28	15.9%	6.30
	Alebie et al. (2019)	15.8	2.2–29.4	9.3
	Pooled effect size	9.7	1.6–17.8	33.3
	Overall pooled effect	9.13	5–13.3	100	6.8	10	0.74	0.0%	0.00
Cross-sectional	Ali et al. (1993)	36.4	10.9–61.9	2.6	6.3	8	0.6	0.0%	0.00
	Negera et al. (2008)	4.8	− 13.5 to 23.1	5.1
	Bsrat et al. (2015)	14	− 17.2 to 45.2	1.8
	Abera et al. (2016)	6.9	− 1.6 to 15.4	24
	Bekele et al. (2018)	8.6	− 14 to 31.2	3.4
	Bsrat et al. (2018)	8.8	− 1.3 to 18.9	16.9
	Ayehu et al. (2018)	7.6	0.5–14.7	34.6
	Alebie et al. (2019)	15.8	2.2–29.4	9.3
	Yohannes et al. (2019)	2.3	− 26.5 to 31.1	16.9
	Pooled effect size	9.1	4.9–13.2	99.5
Retrospective cross-sectional	Wondimeneh et al. (2018)	39.1	− 41.8 to 120	0.3	0.25	1	0.6	0.0%	0.00
	Tedla et al. (2018)	8.4	− 80.2 to 97	0.2
	Pooled effect size	25.1	− 34.6 to 85	0.5
	Overall pooled effect	9.13	5–13.3	100