Table 1.
Cross-species identity of the 22 amino acids of the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) identified as directly involved in the physical interaction of ACE-2 and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as defined by Shang et al. (22).
| Amino acid position in the human ACE-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Host | 19 | 24 | 27 | 28 | 31 | 34 | 35 | 37 | 38 | 41 | 42 | 45 | 79 | 82 | 83 | 325 | 329 | 330 | 353 | 354 | 355 | 357 | Total |
| Human | S | Q | T | F | K | H | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | M | Y | Q | E | N | K | G | D | R | 22/22 |
| Rhesus monkey | S | Q | T | F | K | H | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | M | Y | Q | E | N | K | G | D | R | 22/22 |
| Chimpanzee | S | Q | T | F | K | H | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | M | Y | Q | E | N | K | G | D | R | 22/22 |
| Syrian hamster | S | Q | T | F | K | Q | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | N | Y | Q | E | N | K | G | D | R | 20/22 |
| Domestic cat | S | L | T | F | K | H | E | E | E | Y | Q | L | L | T | Y | Q | E | N | K | G | D | R | 19/22 |
| Cow | S | Q | T | F | K | H | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | M | T | Y | Q | D | N | K | G | D | R | 19/22 |
| Sheep | S | Q | T | F | K | H | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | M | T | Y | Q | D | N | K | G | D | R | 19/22 |
| Rabbit | S | L | T | F | K | Q | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | T | Y | Q | E | N | K | G | D | R | 19/22 |
| Chinese hamster | S | Q | T | F | K | Q | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | L | N | Y | Q | G | N | K | G | D | R | 18/22 |
| Pangolin | S | E | T | F | K | S | E | E | E | Y | Q | L | I | N | Y | Q | E | N | K | H | D | R | 17/22 |
| Domestic dog | S | L | T | F | K | Y | E | E | E | Y | Q | L | L | T | Y | Q | G | N | K | G | D | R | 17/22 |
| Horse | S | L | T | F | K | S | E | E | E | H | Q | L | L | T | Y | Q | E | N | K | G | D | R | 17/22 |
| Pig | S | L | T | F | K | L | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | I | T | Y | Q | N | N | K | G | D | R | 17/22 |
| Ferret | S | L | T | F | K | Y | E | E | E | Y | Q | L | H | T | Y | E | Q | N | K | R | D | R | 14/22 |
| Mice* | S | N | T | F | N | Q | E | E | D | Y | Q | L | T | S | F | Q | A | N | H | G | D | R | 14/22 |
| G. horseshoe bat** | S | L | K | F | D | S | E | E | N | H | Q | L | L | N | F | E | N | N | K | G | D | R | 13/22 |
| Chicken | S | - | T | F | E | V | R | E | D | Y | E | L | N | R | F | E | T | N | K | N | D | R | 12/22 |
Mus musculus.
Greater horseshoe bat. Total = number of identical amino acid residues compared to the human ACE-2 reference amino acids. Accession numbers of protein sequences: NP_001358344.1 (human, Homo sapiens); NP_001116542.1 (pig, Sus scrofa); NP_001019673.2 (cow, Bos taurus); NP_001158732.1 (domestic dog; Canis lupus familiaris); NP_001034545.1 (domestic cat, Felis catus); XP_416822.2 (chicken; Gallus gallus); XP_011961657.1 (sheep; Ovis aries); XP_003503283.1 (Chinese hamster; Cricetulus griseus); NP_001123985.1 (mice, Mus musculus); XP_002719891.1 (rabbit; Oryctolagus cuniculus); XP_016798468.1 (chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes); NP_001129168.1 (Rhesus monkey; Macaca mulatta); NP_001297119.1 (European domestic ferret, Mustela putorius furo); XP_005074266.1 (golden Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus); XP_001490241.1 (horse, Equus caballus); XP_017505752.1 (pangolin, Manis javanica); XP_032963186.1 (greater horseshoe bat; Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Whole-protein sequence alignment can be found in the Supplementary Data. Amino acid residues are the ones in contact with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and directly involved in the RBD–ACE-2 binding. Positions were retrieved from Shang et al. (22). Overall protein identity/similarity against human ACE-2 of chimpanzee = 99.0/99.4%; Rhesus monkey = 94.9/97.5%; golden Syrian hamster = 84.5/91.7%; domestic cat = 81.7/88.3%; cow = 81.0/90.6%; sheep = 81.7/90.8%; rabbit = 85.2/92.8%; Chinese hamster = 84.3/91.6%; pangolin = 84.8/91.3%; domestic dog = 83.5/91.8%; horse = 86.8/93.4%; pig = 81.4/90.7%; ferret = 82.6/91.6%; mice = 82.1/89.6%; greater horseshoe bat = 81.5/90.3%; chicken = 65.6/79.3%. Pairwise protein identities and similarities were calculated using the Needleman–Wunsch algorithm from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/psa/emboss_needle/ using default parameters.