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Hedgehog (Hh) ligands bind to PTCH receptors. If Hh ligands are absent, PTCH binds and represses SMO co-receptor. Thus, the transcription factors GLI are not activated and transcription is stopped. Conversely, when Hh ligands bind to PTCH, the SMO repression is released, leading to transcriptional activation. PTCH, patched homologue; SMO, smoothened protein; GLI, glioma-associated oncogene.
