Table 2.
Reported cases of VitB12 deficiency-induced Optic neuropathies (F: female, M: male, OA: Optic Atrophy, ON: Optic Neuritis, NAION: Non-arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, NA: not available, OCT: Optical Coherence Tomography, VEP: Visual Evoked Potential, MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging, VitB12 normal level: 190 and 950 ng/L).
| Author, year | Age, sex | Presentation | Cause of B-12 deficiency | B-12 level ng/L | First symptom | Diagnosing modality + diagnosis | Treatment | Steroids | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ellis, P. P et al., 1959 [11] | 47, M | Painless bilateral decreased vision, paracentral scotoma in the left eye | NA | NA | No | Fundoscopy Bilateral ON | IM VitB12 | Not given | Resolved |
| de, Olivarius Bf et al., 1961 Case 1 [11] | 57, F | Painless bilateral decreased vision, centro-coecal scotomas | NA | 105 | Yes | Fundoscopy Bilateral OA | IM VitB12 | Not given | No Improvement |
| de, Olivarius Bf et al., 1961 Case 2 [11] | 50, F | Painless bilateral decreased vision, Absolute centro-coecal scotomas for red on both eyes | NA | NA | No | Fundoscopy Bilateral OA | IM VitB12 | Not given | NA |
| Björkenheim, B, 1966 Case 1 [9] | 41, M | Painless bilateral blurring of vision | Tapeworm infestation | 16 | Yes | Fundoscopy Bilateral OA | Removal of worm | Not given | Resolved |
| Björkenheim, B, 1966 Case 2 [9] | 19, M | Painless bilateral blurring of vision and bilateral centro-cecal scotomas to white | Tapeworm infestation | 21 | Yes | Fundoscopy Bilateral OA | Removal of worm | Not given | Resolved |
| Björkenheim, B, 1966 Case 3 [9] | 39, F | Painless bilateral blurring of vision and bilateral centro-cecal scotomas to white | Tapeworm infestation | 25 | Yes | Fundoscopy Bilateral OA | Removal of worm | Not given | Resolved |
| Björkenheim, B, 1966 Case 4 [9] | 17, M | Painless bilateral blurring of vision and bilateral centro-cecal scotomas to red | Tapeworm infestation | 72 | Yes | Fundoscopy Bilateral OA | Removal of worm | Not given | No Improvement |
| Foulds, W. S et al., 1969 Case 1 [3] | 71, M | Painless bilateral decreased vision, Bilateral centro-cecal scotoma | Pernicious anemia | 46 | Yes | NA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | Improved |
| Foulds, W. S et al., 1969 Case 2 [3] | 56, M | Painless bilateral decreased vision, bilateral centro-cecal scotoma | Pernicious anemia + dietary | 25 | Yes | Fundoscopy | Oral VitB12 | Not given | Resolved |
| Gleeson, M. H et al., 1974 [13] | 19, F | Painless bilateral decreased vision and large central scotoma, initially in left, then bilateral | Dietary | 80 | Yes | Fundoscopy, Advanced bilateral OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Given | Right vision resolved, Left No improvement |
| Stambolian, D et al., 1977 [17] | 17, M | Painless bilateral decreased vision, centro-cecal scotomas to red | Bowel resection | 190 | Yes | Fundoscopy | IM VitB12 | Given | Improved |
| de Letona, J. M, 1998 [10] | 64, M | A painless bilateral progressive loss of visual acuity preceded by dyschromatopsia | Gastro ileal anastomosis | NA | No | Fundoscopy | Surgical correction of gut | Not given | Improved |
| Koh, A. H et al., 1998 [14] | 37, M | Retinopathy | NA | 106 | Yes | Fundoscopy, Retinopathy | IM VitB12 | Not given | Improved |
| Moschos, M et al., 1998 [16] | 55, M | Painless bilateral decreased vision | Gastroplasty | 180 | Yes | VEP, Bilateral OA | IM VitB12 | Not given | No Improvement |
| Milea, D et al., 2000 [15] | 33, M | Painless bilateral impaired vision , central scotomata, dyschromatopsia | Dietary | 114 | Yes | Fundoscopy, Bilateral OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | No Improvement |
| Larner, A. J, 2004 [5] | 29, F | Painless bilateral impaired vision Centro-cecal scotoma. | Pernicious anemia | 115 | Yes | Fundoscopy, Bilateral OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | No Improvement |
| Pineles, S. L et al., 2010 Case 1 [7] | 6, M | Painless bilateral decreased vision | Dietary | 150 | Yes | MRI, Fundoscopy, Bilateral OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | No Improvement |
| Pineles, S. L et al., 2010 Case 2 [7] | 13, M | Painless bilateral decreased vision | Dietary | 297 | Yes | MRI, Fundoscopy, Bilateral OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | Improved |
| Pineles, S. L et al., 2010 Case 3 [7] | 7, M | Painless bilateral decreased vision | Dietary | 155 | Yes | MRI, Fundoscopy Bilateral OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | Improved |
| Chu, C et al., 2011 [1] | 19, M | Asymptomatic | NA | 52 | Yes | Fundoscopy, VEP, Bilateral OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | Improved |
| Zehetner, C et al., 2011 [8] | 40, M | Diminished left visual acuity and a drop-shaped central scotoma | Dietary | 40 | Yes | Fundoscopy, OCT, Bilateral white centered retinal hemorrhages, Retinal thickening | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | Resolved |
| Jalil, A et al., 2012 [4] | 11, F | Bilateral painless progressive visual loss | Dietary | NA | Yes | MRI, VEP, Bilateral ON progressed to OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Given | Progressed to blindness |
| Dobson, R et al., 2016 [2] | 22, F | Painless bilateral decreased vision | Dietary | 166 | Yes | MRI, VEP, Fundoscopy, Bilateral demyelinating OA | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Not given | Improved |
| Pantalon, A. D et al., 2016 [6] | 22, F | A sudden bilateral painless drop of vision | Dietary | 166 | Yes | MRI, VEP, Fundoscopy, Bilateral NAION | Nothing | Not given | No Improvement |
| Our case, 2020 | 29, M | Painful bilateral loss of vision, pain more in the right eye | Dietary | 80.5 | Yes | Fundoscopy. VEP, Bilateral ON | IM followed by Oral VitB12 | Given | Improved |