Table 1.

Key enzymes involved in crocin biosynthesis.

Key enzymes	Name	Species	GenBank accession no.	Identification methods	Refs
PSY	CsPSY2	Crocus sativus	MH124239	bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, expression analysis, functional complementation	[40]
β-LCY	CstLcyB2a	Crocus sativus	GQ202141	bioinformatics analysis, expression analysis, in vivo functional analysis	[39]
BCH	CsBCH1	Crocus sativus	CAC95130	various PCR-based methods, bioinformatics analysis, expression analysis	[38]
CCD	CsCCD2	Crocus sativus	KJ541749	transcriptome sequencing, in vivo and in vitro assays, subcellular localization	[2]
	CsCCD2L	Crocus sativus	KP887110	subcellular localization, bioinformatics analysis, in silico analysis	[47]
	CaCCD2	Crocus ancyrensis	KP792756	bioinformatics analysis, in silico analysis, subcellular localization, expression analysis, in vivo functional analysis	[47]
	BdCCD4.1	Buddleja davidii	KX374547	bioinformatics analysis, in silico analysis, subcellular localization, expression analysis, in vivo and in vitro assays	[23]
	BdCCD4.3	Buddleja davidii	KX374549	bioinformatics analysis, in silico analysis, subcellular localization, expression analysis, in vivo and in vitro assays	[23]
	GjCCD4a	Gardenia jasminoides	ARU08109	Genome-wide analysis, bioinformatics analysis, expression analysis, in vivo and in vitro assays, LC/LC-MS analyses	[29]
ALDH	CsALDH3I1	Crocus sativus	MF596165	subcellular localization, transcripts analysis, expression analysis, in vivo and in vitro assays	[43]
	GjALDH2C3	Gardenia jasminoides	KY631926	Genome-wide analysis, bioinformatics analysis, expression analysis, in vivo and in vitro assays, LC/LC-MS analyses	[29]
UGT	UGTCs2	Crocus sativus	AY262037	Genomic analysis, expression analysis, in vitro functional assays	[25]
	CsUGT74AD1	Crocus sativus	MF596166	subcellular localization, transcripts analysis, expression analysis, in vitro functional assays	[43]
	GjUGT75L6	Gardenia jasminoides	F8WKW8	expression analysis, bioinformatics analysis, in vitro functional assays	[51]
	GjUGT94E5	Gardenia jasminoides	F8WKW0	expression analysis, bioinformatics analysis, in vitro functional assays	[51]
	GjUGT74F8	Gardenia jasminoides	MN944054	Genome-wide analysis, bioinformatics analysis, expression analysis, in vivo and in vitro assays, LC/LC-MS analyses	[29], [44]
	GjUGT94E13	Gardenia jasminoides	MN944055	Genome-wide analysis, bioinformatics analysis, expression analysis, in vivo and in vitro assays, LC/LC-MS analyses	[29], [44]
	Bs-GT	Bacillus subtilis	WP_003220110.1	bioinformatics analysis, in vitro functional assays	[10]