Trametinib effectively inhibits MEK/ERK signaling pathway activation in microglia. A. Cultured microglia were pre-treated with or without 5 or 10 nM trametinib for 2 h and subsequently stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 24 h and the protein levels of p-ERK, total ERK, p-NF-κB, NLRP3, MyD88 and β-actin were determined using western blot analysis. B. The protein expression levels of p-ERK and total-ERK were detected at days 3 and 7 via western blot analysis in protein extracts isolated from TBI mice treated with trametinib (1 mg/kg/day). MEK/ERK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; TM, trametinib; p-ERK, phosphorylated ERK; p-NF-κB, phosphorylated NF-κB; MyD88, myeloid differentiation factor 88; NLRP3, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3.