Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients divided according to presence or absence of ongoing statin therapy
| On statin | Not on statin | P | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Available % | Value | Available % | Value | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Number | 63,861 | 40,865 | |||
| Age, years | 100.0 | 70.3 ± 9.9 | 100.0 | 69.6 ± 11.9 | < 0.001 |
| Sex male, % | 100.0 | 57.5 | 100.0 | 54.9 | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes duration, years | 100.0 | 13.1 ± 9.6 | 100.0 | 11.5 ± 9.5 | < 0.001 |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Active smoker, % | 74.7 | 65.2 | 76.3 | 59.2 | < 0.001 |
| Obesity, % | 93.7 | 41.8% | 91.2 | 39.8% | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 93.7 | 29.3 ± 5.2 | 91.2 | 29.6 ± 5.8 | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mm Hg | 82.1 | 137.4 ± 18.4 | 77.3 | 137.4 ± 18.5 | 0.843 |
| DBP, mm Hg | 82.1 | 76.8 ± 9.4 | 77.2 | 78.0 ± 9.7 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension, % | 96.0 | 89.8 | 93.6 | 91.6 | < 0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/L | 93.3 | 7.9 ± 2.4 | 92.0 | 8.0 ± 2.6 | 0.045 |
| HbA1c, % | 97.6 | 7.2 ± 1.1 | 95.9 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 90.4 | 4.2 ± 1.0 | 83.2 | 4.6 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 88.8 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 80.6 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.030 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 89.7 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 82.3 | 1.6 ± 1.1 | 0.005 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 87.2 | 2.2 ± 0.8 | 78.8 | 2.7 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| Complications | |||||
| Kidney Disease | 95.5 | 91.9 | < 0.001 | ||
| CKD III stage, n (%) | 28.6 | 27.2 | < 0.001 | ||
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 100.0 | 72.1 ± 22.2 | 85.5 | 73.6 ± 23.0 | < 0.001 |
| AER, mg/24 h | 92.1 | 39.2 ± 49.4 | 86.9 | 43.4 ± 52.5 | < 0.001 |
| AER > 30 mg/g | 34.5 | 37.6 | < 0.001 | ||
| Eye disease: | 74.4 | 64.2 | < 0.001 | ||
| Retinopathy, % | 17.8 | 16.5 | < 0.001 | ||
| DME, % | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.407 | ||
| Neuropathy | 34.5 | 33.0 | < 0.001 | ||
| Peripheral, % | 20.0 | 18.4 | < 0.001 | ||
| Autonomic, % | 2.5 | 3.0 | 0.003 | ||
| Lower Limbs: | 39.2 | 33.5 | < 0.001 | ||
| Atherosclerosis obliterans, % | 20.9 | 14.7 | < 0.001 | ||
| Revascularization, % | 2.3 | 1.2 | < 0.001 | ||
| CNS Complications: | 53.2 | 40.2 | < 0.001 | ||
| Stroke/TIA, % | 5.5 | 4.8 | 0.001 | ||
| Carotid atherosclerosis, % | 45.4 | 36.2 | < 0.001 | ||
| Cardiac complications; | 76.7 | 65.9 | < 0.001 | ||
| IHD, % | 16.7 | 5.6 | < 0.001 | ||
| Revascularization, % | 11.7 | 2.7 | < 0.001 | ||
| Micro-angiopathy, % | 98.4 | 58.6 | 96.2 | 58.0 | 0.070 |
| Macro-angiopathy, % | 80.0 | 46.1 | 69.0 | 30.1 | < 0.001 |
| Glucose lowering medications | 92.4 | 89.1 | |||
| Insulin % | 35.3 | 34.9 | 0.294 | ||
| Metformin % | 70.6 | 67.1 | < 0.001 | ||
| Sulfonylureas % | 25.1 | 24.1 | < 0.001 | ||
| DPP-4i % | 21.7 | 18.1 | < 0.001 | ||
| GLP-1RA % | 3.7 | 3.5 | 0.077 | ||
| SGLT2i % | 3.0 | 2.6 | < 0.001 | ||
| Other therapies | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||
| APT, % | 61.1 | 35.8 | < 0.001 | ||
| Ezetimibe, % | 9.2 | 3.0 | < 0.001 | ||
| Fibrate, % | 1.6 | 5.8 | < 0.001 | ||
| Omega-3, % | 8.9 | 1.6 | < 0.001 | ||
| ACEi/ARB, % | 69.7 | 62.6 | < 0.001 | ||
| CCB, % | 26.7 | 23.2 | < 0.001 | ||
| Beta-blockers, % | 34.9 | 26.5 | < 0.001 | ||
| Diuretics, % | 20.9 | 18.4 | < 0.001 | ||
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or as percentage where appropriate
BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HDL high-density lipoprotein, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CKD chronic kidney disease, DME Diabetic Macular Edema, TIA transient ischemic attack, CVD cardiovascular disease, IHD Ischemic heart disease, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARBs angiotensin receptor blockers, CCB calcium channel blockers, APT anti-platelet therapies