Table 2.
Eligible online resource characteristics (n = 23)
| Name of online resource | Source eligible article(s) included in review | Online resource URL | Year established | Availability for anyone to use? | Type of developer | CAM only or CAM/conventional therapies? | How are CAM-specific adverse effects and side effects presented? |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| About Herbs | Boddy et al. [25]; Molassiotis et al. [32]; Yap et al. [37] | https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/diagnosis-treatment/symptom-management/integrative-medicine | Unclear | Yes, entirely free | Researchers | CAM only | Drug summaries (Professional and consumer versions) |
| American Botanical Council | Fitzpatrick [30]; Jackson et al. [10]; Kiefer et al. [12]; Motl et al. [11] | https://abc.herbalgram.org/site/PageServer | 1988 | Yes, partially without subscription | Council | CAM only | Monographs |
| Caremark Drug Interactions | Yap et al. [37] | https://cpref.goldstandard.com/inter.asp?r=8084 | Unclear | Yes, entirely free | Company | Both | Drug interaction checker |
| Clinical Pharmacology (also known as Gold Standard) | Gregory et al. [31] | https://www.clinicalpharmacology.com/ | Unclear | Yes, but only with a subscription | Company | Both | Drug interaction checker; monographs |
| Drug Information (formerly DrugDigest) | Motl et al. [11] | https://www.express-scripts.com/medco/consumer/ehealth/druginfo/dlmain.jsp?WC=N | Unclear | Yes, entirely free | Company | Both | Drug summaries |
| Drug Product Database | Motl et al. [11] | https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-health-products/drug-products/drug-product-database.html | Unclear | Yes, entirely free | Government | Both | Monographs; safety update tables |
| Drugs.com | Motl et al. [11]; Spanakis et al. [33]; Yap et al. [37] | https://www.drugs.com/ | 2001 | Yes, entirely free | Company | Both | Drug interaction checker; monographs (professional and consumer versions) |
| Electronic Medicines Compendium | Motl et al. [11] | https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/ | 1999 | Yes, entirely free | Company | Both | SmPC; patient leaflets; alert cards |
| Epocrates (plus or pro) | Clauson et al. [27]; Fischer et al. [29]; Yap et al. [37] | https://online.epocrates.com/ | Unclear | Yes, but only with a subscription | Company | Both | Drug interaction checker; monographs |
| Herb-Drug Interactions, NCCIH Clinical Digest | Allais et al. [8]; Boddy et al. [25]; Gregory et al. [31]; Jackson et al. [10]; Motl et al. [11] | https://nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/herb-drug | 2015 | Yes, entirely free | Government | CAM only | Summaries provided in an herbal digest |
| Herbs at a Glance | Boddy et al. [25]; Jackson et al. [10]; Gregory et al. [31]; Motl et al. [11] | https://nccih.nih.gov/health/herbsataglance.htm | Unclear | Yes, entirely free | Government | CAM only | Fact sheets |
| HIV drug interactions | Motl et al. [11] | https://www.hiv-druginteractions.org/checker | 1999 | Yes, entirely free | Researchers | Both | Drug interaction checker; interaction charts |
| IBM Micromedex (includes DrugDex, Drug-Reax, AltMedDex) | Clauson et al. [27]; Fischer et al. [29]; Jackson [9]; Jackson et al. [10]; Kiefer [12]; Meyer et al. [13]; Walker [36]; Yap et al. [37] | https://www.micromedexsolutions.com/home/dispatch/ssl/true | Mid-1970s | Yes, but only with a subscription | Company | Both | Drug interaction checker; monographs; patient fact sheets |
| Lexi-Natural (includes LexiComp) | Clauson et al. [27]; Gregory et al. [31]; Fischer et al. [29]; Motl et al. [11]; Yap et al. [37] | https://webstore.lexi.com/Store/Individual-Databases/Lexi-Natural-Products | Unclear | Yes, but only with a subscription | Company | Both | Monographs; patient handouts |
| MedicinesComplete (includes Herbal Medicines; formerly known as the British National Formulary) | Jackson [9]; Jackson et al. [10]; Yap et al. [37] | https://about.medicinescomplete.com/publication/herbal-medicines/ | Unclear | Yes, but only with a subscription | Company | Both | Monographs |
| Medscape | Motl et al. [11]; Spanakis et al. [33] | https://www.medscape.com/ | 1995 | Yes, entirely free | Company | Both | Drug interaction checker; monographs |
| Merck Manual | Motl et al. [11] | https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/ | 1999 | Yes, entirely free | Company | Both | Drug interaction checker; monographs (professional and consumer versions) |
| National Cancer Institute | Boddy et al. [25] | https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam | Unclear | Yes, entirely free | Government | CAM only | Drug summaries (professional and consumer versions) |
| Natural Medicines (formerly Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database (NMCD) and Natural Standard Database (NSD)) (online and mobile app) | Archer et al. [24]; Boddy et al. [25]; Boehmer et al. [26]; Clauson et al. [27]; Faubert et al. [28]; Fischer et al. [29]; Fitzpatrick [30]; Gregory et al. [31]; Jackson et al. [10]; Kiefer et al. [12]; Motl et al. [11]; Sun et al. [34]; Sweet et al. [14]; Tomasulo [35]; Walker [36]; Yap et al. [37] | https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/ | Early 2000s | Yes, but only with a subscription | Company | CAM only | Drug interaction checker; monographs; patient handouts |
| OncoRx Database (called Onco-Rx as a website, and OncoRx-MI as a mobile app) | Yap et al. [37] | https://www.onco-informatics.com/oncorx/ | 2007 (website), unclear (mobile app) | Yes, but only with a subscription | Researchers | Both | Drug interaction checker |
| PEPID Drug Information Database | Clauson et al. [27]; Fischer et al. [29] | https://www.pepid.com/ | Unclear | Yes, but only with a subscription | Company | Both | Drug interaction checker; patient education handouts; monographs |
| RxList (owned by WebMD) | Motl et al. [11]; Spanakis et al. [33] | https://www.rxlist.com/script/main/hp.asp | 1995 | Yes, entirely free | Company | Both | Monographs |
| RxMed | Motl et al. [11] | https://www.rxmed.com | 1994 | Yes, entirely free | Company | Both | Monographs |