Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants
| CKD (n = 2677) |
Non-CKD (n = 26,456) |
P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 53.4 (6.6) | 50.4 (6.9) | < 0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 161.6 (8.3) | 157.3 (5.9) | < 0.001 |
| Weight (kg) | 61.4 (12.4) | 54.9 (9.7) | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.4 (4.0) | 22.1 (3.7) | < 0.001 |
| Obesity | 784 (29.3) | 4885 (18.5) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current | 592 (22.1) | 4810 (18.2) | < 0.001 |
| Former | 324 (12.1) | 1776 (6.7) | |
| None | 1761 (65.8) | 19,870 (75.1) | |
| Alcohol intake | |||
| Everyday | 601 (22.5) | 4164 (15.7) | < 0.001 |
| Sometimes | 778 (29.1) | 7932 (30.0) | |
| None | 1298 (48.5) | 14,360 (54.3) | |
| Hypertension | 984 (36.8) | 7649 (28.9) | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1357 (50.7) | 10,803 (40.8) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 193 (7.2) | 888 (3.4) | < 0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dl) | 0.82 (0.80, 0.90) | 0.60 (0.56, 0.69) | < 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 56.5 (11.4) | 81.4 (13.0) | < 0.001 |
| Proteinuria stage | |||
| A1 | 2302 (86.0) | 26,456 (100.0) | < 0.001 |
| A2 | 334 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| A3 | 41 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| ALT (U/L) | 18 (14, 25) | 15 (12, 20) | < 0.001 |
| AST/ALT ratio | 1.21 (0.39) | 1.30 (0.40) | < 0.001 |
| GGT (U/L) | 23 (16, 39) | 18 (14, 27) | < 0.001 |
CKD Chronic kidney disease, eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate
ALT Alanine aminotransferase, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, GGT Gamma-glutamyltransferase
Values were mean (standard deviation), median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) or n (%)
aUnpaired t -test, wilcoxon’s rank-sum test or chi-squared test