Table 1.

Characteristics of the baseline sample and the distribution of PI

Variables	Number of total participants	Number of physically inactive participants	Prevalence of PI	χ2	p value
Age				91.474	< 0.001
45–59	2323	371	16.0%
60–74	1821	357	20.0%
≥ 75	381	140	36.8%
Gender				8.264	< 0.001
Male	2085	362	17.4%
Female	2440	506	20.7%
Spouse				8.968	< 0.001
Yes	3820	704	18.4%
No	705	164	23.3%
Living area				25.910	< 0.001
Urban	1648	381	23.1%
Rural	2877	487	16.9%
BMI level				25.227	< 0.001
Underweight	300	72	24.0%
Normal	1888	308	16.3%
Overweight	1720	338	19.7%
Obese	617	150	24.3%
Work status				332.581	< 0.001
Currently working	3179	389	12.2%
Not working	1346	479	35.6%
Education level				4.165	0.24
Illiteracy	1242	256	20.6%
Elementary school	1846	330	17.9%
Middle/high school	1360	265	19.5%
College or above	77	17	22.1%
PCE level				4.750	0.31
1/5	935	200	21.4%
2/5	940	171	18.2%
3/5	904	163	18.0%
4/5	923	182	19.7%
5/5	823	152	18.5%
Smoking				7.114	0.03
Never	2796	562	20.1%
Quit	368	77	20.9%
Yes	1361	229	16.8%
Drinking				13.888	< 0.001
Never	3040	629	20.7%
< Once a month	339	58	17.1%
> Once a month	1146	181	15.8%
Non-communicable diseasesa				0.487	0.49
Yes	3083	600	19.5%
No	1442	268	18.6%
ADL/IADL disability				49.277	< 0.001
Yes	1241	321	25.9%
No	3284	547	16.7%
Number of public facilities	3.44 ± 3.39	/	/	/	/

Categorical data was presented by frequency (n%), quantitative data was presented by mean value and standard deviation. Weighting was conducted using individual level weights with non-response adjustment released by the CHARLS. χ²: results of Chi-square tests. ^aParticipants who have been diagnosed of having at least one of the diseases listed in Measurement section were categorized into “yes”