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. 2020 Nov 9;10:388. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01047-2

Table 1.

Single-variable and multivariable inverse-variance weighted mendelian randomization associations between educational attainment and cognitive performance on risk of suicide attempt in individuals with and without mental disorders.

Outcome
Suicide attempt: model 1 Suicide attempt: model 2
Exposures N SNPS OR OR LCI OR UCI P-value N SNPS OR OR LCI OR UCI P-value
SVMR
Educational attainment 223 0.524 0.412 0.666 1.07E−07 224 0.687 0.540 0.874 2.20E−03
Cognitive performance 104 0.714 0.577 0.885 2.02E−03 104 0.794 0.636 0.990 4.01E−02
Household income 41 0.591 0.389 0.901 1.41E−02 41 0.721 0.480 1.081 1.13E−01
MVMR
Educational attainment 288 0.450 0.314 0.644 1.00E−04 288 0.556 0.388 0.796 2.00E−03
Cognitive performance 288 1.044 0.764 1.426 7.86E−01 288 1.081 0.789 1.482 6.29E−01
MVMR: adjusting for Income
Educational attainment 282 0.342 0.206 0.568 1.61E−04 283 0.437 0.258 0.739 2.00E−03
Cognitive performance 282 1.182 0.842 1.659 3.33E−01 283 1.143 0.803 1.627 4.57E−01
Household income 282 1.101 0.627 1.932 7.38E−01 283 1.225 0.683 2.197 4.96E−01

Results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals for the effect of a unit standard deviation increase in educational attainment (years of schooling: mean = 15.1, s.d.=4.2 years), a unit standard deviation increase in standardized cognitive performance score (mean 0.00, s.d. = 0.99–1.00), and categorical increase in average annual household income before tax, on the risk of suicide attempt (hospital recorded non-fatal suicide attempt, including secondary diagnoses of poisoning by drugs or other substances, or injuries to the hand, wrist, and forearm). Model 1 was based upon iPSYCH Suicide Attempt Risk GWAS not accounting for comorbid mental disorders (N = 50,260); model 2 was based upon iPSYCH Suicide Attempt Risk GWAS accounting for diagnosed comorbid mental disorders in the same cohort sample (N = 50,260): schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, affective disorders, autism spectrum disorder, anorexia, and “any other disorder”. (1) SVMR results show effects of exposures on outcomes analyzed separately: the estimates are considered to be the total effect (direct plus indirect effect) of the exposure on the outcome; (2) MVMR results show effects of EA and CP analyzed simultaneously: the estimates are interpreted as the direct effect of the exposure on the outcome, independent of the effect of the other exposure; (3) MVMR adjusting for Average Household Income (Before Tax) showing effects of EA, CP and AHI analyzed simultaneously. All results shown are pruned of variants identified as outliers by the MR-PRESSO test (MR-PRESSO P < 0.10). Cochran Q tests did not indicate heterogeneity and MR Egger intercept test did not indicate pleiotropy for any model. See Supplementary Tables 1012 for full results.

SVMR single-variable Mendelian randomization, MVMR multivariable Mendelian randomization, N number, SNPs single-nucleotide polymorphisms, OR odds ratio, OR LCI 95% confidence interval lower bound, OR UCI 95% confidence interval upper bound.