Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Nov 9;10:389. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01051-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — a Experimental paradigm for the memory process in fear conditioning. b Long-term memory was impaired in SI (4 W) mice compared with GH mice. GH, n = 11 mice; SI, n = 7 mice, two-way ANOVA, context A, effect of time, F_{(2, 57)} = 3.522, P < 0.05; effect of group, F_{(1, 57)} = 4.767, P < 0.05; group × time, F_{(2, 57)} = 2.743, P > 0.05. Tukey multiple-comparison test: hour 1: P > 0.05; day 1: P > 0.05; day 7: P < 0.05. Context B, effect of time, F_{(2, 57)} = 3.432, P < 0.05; effect of group, F_{(1, 49)} = 8.377, P < 0.01; group × time, F_{(2, 57)} = 3.284, P < 0.05. Tukey multiple-comparison test: hour 1: P > 0.05; day 1: P > 0.05; day 7: P < 0.01. c Representative immunostaining of spines (green) and DAPI (blue) from GH and SI mice. Arrows indicate thin-shaped spines. Scale bar: 50 μm, 2.5 μm (inset). d Quantification of the densities for total spines, thin spines, mushroom spines, and stubby spines. GH, n = 20 neurons from five mice; SI, n = 18 neurons from four mice; unpaired Student’s t test, spines density, t₍₃₆₎ = 0.5472, P > 0.05; mushroom spines, t₍₃₆₎ = 1.075, P > 0.05; stubby spines, t₍₃₆₎ = 1.128, P > 0.05; thin spines, t = 3.136, P < 0.01. e, f The mEPSC was recorded in CA1 neurons from GH and SI mice (left). Right panel shows the average mEPSC amplitude and frequency. Calibration: 15 pA, 1 s. GH, n = 16 neurons from four mice; SI, n = 15 neurons from four mice; unpaired Student’s t test, mEPSC amplitude, t₍₂₉₎ = 2.293, P < 0.05; mEPSC frequency, t₍₂₉₎ = 1.165, P > 0.05. g Schematic diagram in the top panel shows fEPSP recordings of the CA3-CA1 pathway. The stimulating electrode was placed in the Schaffer of CA3, and a recording pipette was placed in the stratum radiatum of area CA1. Stim stimulating electrode, Rec recording pipette. Representative fEPSP trace at baseline and last 10 min in LTP recordings. Calibration: 0.5 mV, 10 ms. h Quantification of the average fEPSP slope during the last 10 min of the LTP recording from GH and SI mice. GH, n = 9 slices from three mice; SI, n = 8 slices from three mice; two-way ANOVA; effect of group, F_{(1, 165)} = 51.72, P < 0.0001; effect of time, F_{(10, 165)} = 0.02342, P > 0.05; group × time, F_{(10, 165)} = 0.01884, P > 0.05. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.