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. 2020 Nov 10;6:11. doi: 10.1186/s40851-020-00165-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 10 — Histological details of the foregut of Stephanella hina. a Longitudinal section of an extended polypide showing the mouth opening, foregut until the cardia, and intestine. b Detail of a mouth opening and pharynx area in a zooid with retracted polypide. The nuclei of the pharynx appear pycnotic and are wedged between large vacuoles in the cells of the epithelium. c Cross-section of a pharynx showing the highly vacuolar appearance of its epithelium. d Longitudinal section of the mouth opening and pharyngeal area showing a high abundance of smaller vesicles in the apical part of the pharyngeal epithelial cells. e Detail of the lower part of the pharynx entering the esophagus. f The esophageal-cardia boundary is marked by the cardiac valve. On the esophagus, basally located nuclei are present in its cells. Abbreviations: ban - basal nuclei, ca - cardia, cv - cardiac valve, es - esophagus, int - intestine, lb. - lophophoral base, mo - mouth opening, ph - pharynx, phn - nucleus of the pharynx, prm - pharyngeal ring muscles, rc - ring canal, rmf - retractor muscle fibres, ts - tentacle sheath