Table 1.
Demographic baseline characteristics of the study group according to renal function
| Overall (N = 2847) |
Quartile 1 (n = 711) |
Quartile 2 (n = 712) |
Quartile 3 (n = 712) |
Quartile 4 (n = 712) |
P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 77.5 ± 14.3 | 91.7 ± 3.2 | 84.9 ± 1.8a,c | 76.1 ± 3.7a,b | 57.2 ± 10.8a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Demographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age, years | 76.0 ± 3.9 | 73.7 ± 3.1 | 76.2 ± 3.6a,c | 76.7 ± 4.0a,b | 77.4 ± 3.8a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Men, n (%) | 1333 (46.8) | 262 (36.8) | 318 (44.7)a | 361 (50.7)a | 392 (55.1)a,b | < 0.001 |
| Education, years | 8.4 ± 5.1 | 8.0 ± 4.8 | 8.2 ± 5.0 | 8.8 ± 5.1a | 8.7 ± 5.4a | 0.005 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 182 (6.4) | 34 (4.8) | 52 (7.3) | 44 (6.2) | 52 (7.3) | 0.164 |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 1416 (49.7) | 360 (50.6) | 363 (51.0) | 364 (51.1) | 367 (51.5) | 0.717 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1637 (57.5) | 335 (47.2) | 379 (53.2) | 430 (60.4)a,b | 493 (69.2)a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 614 (21.6) | 135 (19.0) | 135 (19.0) | 138 (19.4) | 206 (29.0)a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 898 (31.9) | 225 (32.1) | 218 (30.8) | 217 (31.0) | 238 (33.7) | 0.629 |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 222 (8.0) | 35 (5.0) | 54 (7.7) | 54 (7.7) | 79 (11.2)a | < 0.001 |
| Clinical results | ||||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 24.4 ± 3.1 | 24.1 ± 3.0 | 24.3 ± 2.9 | 24.3 ± 3.0 | 24.8 ± 3.2a,b | 0.001 |
| ASM index, kg/m2 | 6.6 ± 1.1 | 6.4 ± 1.1 | 6.6 ± 1.1 | 6.6 ± 1.2a | 6.7 ± 1.2a,b | < 0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 131.1 ± 15.7 | 130.5 ± 15.4 | 131.2 ± 15.3 | 131.4 ± 15.9 | 131.3 ± 16.1 | 0.703 |
| DBP, mmHg | 77.4 ± 9.3 | 78.0 ± 9.1 | 77.4 ± 9.1 | 77.5 ± 9.4 | 76.8 ± 9.8 | 0.137 |
| GDS score | 3.2 ± 3.7 | 3.1 ± 3.6 | 3.3 ± 3.7 | 2.9 ± 3.5 | 3.5 ± 3.8 | 0.061 |
| Laboratory results | ||||||
| Albumin, g/dL | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.16 ± 0.4 | 4.17 ± 0.4 | 4.24 ± 0.4 | 4.20 ± 0.4 | 0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 0.7 ± 0.1a,c | 0.9 ± 0.1a,b | 1.2 ± 0.4a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 121.8 ± 60.9 | 114.7 ± 54.1 | 115.5 ± 55.5 | 123.3 ± 65.8 | 133.5 ± 65.7a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 52.4 ± 13.9 | 54.4 ± 14.0 | 53.4 ± 13.6 | 52.3 ± 13.8a | 49.5 ± 13.9a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 108.5 ± 33.3 | 111.2 ± 31.3 | 109.1 ± 33.9 | 108.8 ± 33.7 | 104.9 ± 33.9a | 0.004 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 141.3 ± 2.4 | 141.1 ± 2.2 | 141.4 ± 2.3 | 141.5 ± 2.7 | 141.0 ± 2.4b,c | 0.003 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.10 ± 0.83 | 6.02 ± 0.792 | 6.02 ± 0.762 | 6.01 ± 0.834 | 6.19 ± 0.909a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 13.4 ± 1.4 | 13.4 ± 1.3 | 13.5 ± 1.4 | 13.6 ± 1.4 | 13.2 ± 1.6b,c | < 0.001 |
| hsCRP, mg/dL | 1.5 ± 2.6 | 1.3 ± 2.2 | 1.5 ± 2.8 | 1.5 ± 2.5 | 1.8 ± 2.9a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Proteinuria, n (%) | 84 (3.0) | 7 (8.3) | 8 (9.5) | 17 (20.2) | 52 (61.9)a,b,c | < 0.001 |
ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass, BMI body mass index, DBP diastolic blood pressure, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, GDS Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean version, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein, SBP systolic blood pressure
ap < 0.05 vs. quartile 1
bp < 0.05 vs. quartile 2
cp < 0.05 vs. quartile 3