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. 2020 Oct 21;14:559313. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.559313

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Copyright © 2020 Rejc, Smith, Weber, Ugiliweneza, Bert, Negahdar, Boakye, Harkema and Angeli.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Representative EMG activity modulation and hip joint movement during right lower limb flexion attempts performed without (A) and with (B) spinal cord epidural stimulation (scES) by two research participants (A101 and B21). Vertical gray dotted lines: attempt duration. (C) Probability density distribution (JPD) of normalized EMG amplitudes between right (R) iliopsoas (IL) and medial hamstrings (MH) calculated during the volitional attempts, and related data points distribution in each of the four identified areas [co-contraction at lower (JPD Co-co-Low) or higher (JPD Co-co-Hi) level of activation; isolated activation of R IL (JPD R IL) or R MH (JPD R MH)]. (D) Spared tissue of the right and total cord, which were found correlated with JPD R MH and JPD Co-co-Low, respectively, during right lower limb flexion attempts. RF, rectus femoris; VL, vastus lateralis; TA, tibialis anterior; SOL, soleus. Epidural stimulation electrode configuration (cathodes in black, anodes in red, inactive in white), frequency, pulse width and intensity are reported.