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A summary of atherosclerosis microbiology. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) that enter the intima become oxidized LDLs (Ox-LDLs) and are consumed by macrophages, leading to accumulation of foam cells. Foam cells later undergo necrosis and form a necrotic core. ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1; MCP1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor; SMC, smooth muscle cell; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1.
