Table 1.
Demographic and insurance plan characteristics for cases and controls
| Infantile SMA |
Child SMA |
Juvenile SMA |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic, n (%) | Cases (n = 58) | Controls (n = 58) | Cases (n = 56) | Controls (n = 56) | Cases (n = 279) | Controls (n = 279) |
| Year of birth | ||||||
| 1993 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| 1994 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 (3.2) | 9 (3.2) |
| 1995 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 20 (7.2) | 20 (7.2) |
| 1996 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 15 (5.4) | 15 (5.4) |
| 1997 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 23 (8.2) | 23 (8.2) |
| 1998 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 (6.1) | 17 (6.1) |
| 1999 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 25 (9.0) | 25 (9.0) |
| 2000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 18 (6.5) | 18 (6.5) |
| 2001 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 (7.5) | 21 (7.5) |
| 2002 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 (4.7) | 13 (4.7) |
| 2003 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 24 (8.6) | 24 (8.6) |
| 2004 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 (6.8) | 19 (6.8) |
| 2005 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 (4.7) | 13 (4.7) |
| 2006 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 14 (5.0) | 14 (5.0) |
| 2007 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 (6.8) | 19 (6.8) |
| 2008 | 0 | 0 | 2 (3.6) | 2 (3.6) | 12 (4.3) | 12 (4.3) |
| 2009 | 0 | 0 | 14 (25.0) | 14 (25.0) | 7 (2.5) | 7 (2.5) |
| 2010 | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.7) | 15 (26.8) | 15 (26.8) | 5 (1.8) | 5 (1.8) |
| 2011 | 12 (20.7) | 12 (20.7) | 11 (19.6) | 11 (19.6) | 3 (1.1) | 3 (1.1) |
| 2012 | 16 (27.6) | 16 (27.6) | 5 (8.9) | 5 (8.9) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| 2013 | 8 (13.8) | 8 (13.8) | 8 (14.3) | 8 (14.3) | 0 | 0 |
| 2014 | 14 (24.1) | 14 (24.1) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 0 | 0 |
| 2015 | 7 (12.1) | 7 (12.1) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 29 (50.0) | 29 (50.0) | 27 (48.2) | 27 (48.2) | 150 (53.8) | 150 (53.8) |
| Female | 29 (50.0) | 29 (50.0) | 29 (51.8) | 29 (51.8) | 129 (46.2) | 129 (46.2) |
| Region | ||||||
| Northeast | 8 (13.8) | 8 (13.8) | 9 (16.1) | 9 (16.1) | 57 (20.4) | 57 (20.4) |
| North central | 11 (20.7) | 11 (20.7) | 14 (25.0) | 14 (25.0) | 77 (27.6) | 77 (27.6) |
| South | 21 (36.2) | 21 (36.2) | 19 (33.9) | 19 (33.9) | 91 (32.6) | 91 (32.6) |
| West | 17 (29.3) | 17 (29.3) | 14 (25.0) | 14 (25.0) | 49 (17.6) | 49 (17.6) |
| Unknown | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (1.8) | 5 (1.8) |
| Plan type† | ||||||
| Basic/major medical | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Comprehensive | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (1.4) | 4 (1.4) |
| EPO | 1 (1.7) | 2 (3.5) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (5.4) | 4 (1.4) | 8 (2.9) |
| HMO | 4 (6.9) | 10 (17.2) | 8 (14.3) | 5 (8.9) | 33 (11.8) | 27 (9.7) |
| POS | 5 (8.6) | 2 (3.5) | 7 (12.5) | 3 (5.4) | 17 (6.1) | 11 (3.9) |
| PPO | 31 (53.5) | 32 (55.2) | 29 (51.8) | 28 (50.0) | 187 (67.0) | 152 (54.5) |
| POS with capitation | 0 | 1 (1.7) | 0 | 0 | 6 (2.2) | 4 (1.4) |
| CDHP | 4 (6.9) | 3 (5.2) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (5.4) | 16 (5.7) | 22 (7.9) |
| HDHP | 10 (17.2) | 6 (10.3) | 6 (10.7) | 11 (19.6) | 10 (3.6) | 18 (6.5) |
| Unknown | 3 (5.2) | 2 (3.5) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (5.4) | 2 (0.7) | 33 (11.8) |
| Employee classification* | ||||||
| Salary, non-union | 11 (19.0) | 11 (19.0) | 5 (8.9) | 10 (17.9) | 28 (10.0) | 38 (13.6) |
| Salary, union | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 5 (1.8) | 5 (1.8) |
| Salary, other | 0 | 2 (3.5) | 2 (3.6) | 3 (5.4) | 10 (3.6) | 11 (3.9) |
| Hourly, non-union | 5 (8.6) | 2 (3.5) | 3 (5.4) | 2 (3.6) | 12 (4.3) | 18 (6.5) |
| Hourly, union | 1 (1.7) | 1 (1.7) | 4 (7.1) | 2 (3.6) | 14 (5.0) | 9 (3.2) |
| Hourly, other | 3 (5.2) | 2 (3.5) | 2 (3.6) | 2 (3.6) | 13 (4.7) | 7 (2.5) |
| Non-union | 2 (3.5) | 6 (10.3) | 3 (5.4) | 5 (8.9) | 24 (8.6) | 28 (10.0) |
| Union | 0 | 4 (6.9) | 0 | 0 | 12 (4.3) | 2 (0.7) |
| Unknown | 36 (62.1) | 30 (51.7) | 36 (64.3) | 28 (50.0) | 161 (57.7) | 139 (49.8) |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (5.4) | 0 | 22 (7.9) |
*P = 0.024 for cases vs controls in the child SMA analysis; P < 0.0001 for cases vs controls in the juvenile SMA analysis.
†P < 0.0001 for cases vs controls in the juvenile SMA analysis.
CDHP, consumer-directed health plan; EPO, exclusive provider organization; HDHP, high deductible health plan; HMO, health maintenance organization; POS, point of service; PPO, preferred provider organization; SMA, spinal muscular atrophy.