Table 1.
Patient and tumor characteristics at HCC diagnosis, stratified by sex (n=1110)
| Variable | Women (n = 258) | Men (n = 852) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 62.5 (11.2) | 59.2 (8.3) | <0.001 |
| Age | <0.001 | ||
| <65 | 156 (60.5) | 693 (81.3) | |
| ≥65 | 102 (39.5) | 159 (18.7) | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.9 (7.0) | 27.1 (5.7) | <0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | 0.003 | ||
| White | 63 (24.4) | 306 (35.9) | |
| Black | 92 (35.7) | 268 (31.5) | |
| Hispanic | 89 (34.5) | 217 (25.5) | |
| Asian | 10 (3.9) | 48 (5.6) | |
| Other | 4 (1.5) | 13 (1.5) | |
| Liver Disease Etiology, n (%) | <0.001 | ||
| HCV | 96 (37.9) | 274 (32.5) | |
| HCV + Alcohol | 39 (15.4) | 281 (33.0) | |
| Alcohol | 14 (5.4) | 145 (17.0) | |
| HBV | 9 (3.5) | 48 (5.6) | |
| HBV + HCV | 2 (0.8) | 8 (0.9) | |
| NAFLD | 69 (26.7) | 65 (7.6) | |
| Other/unknown | 17 (6.6) | 8 (0.9) | |
| None | 6 (2.3) | 8 (0.9) | |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 0.03 | ||
| None | 160 (62.0) | 581 (68.2) | |
| Yes, not on insulin | 35 (13.6) | 127 (14.9) | |
| Yes, on insulin | 63 (24.4) | 144 (16.9) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 180 (69.8) | 518 (60.8) | 0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 62 (25.3) | 155 (18.7) | 0.02 |
| History of prior cancer, n (%) | 20 (7.8) | 68 (8.1) | 0.91 |
| Child Pugh, n (%) | 0.27 | ||
| A | 127 (49.2) | 400 (47.1) | |
| B | 103 (39.9) | 324 (38.1) | |
| C | 28 (10.9) | 126 (14.8) | |
| Ascites, n (%) | 0.10 | ||
| None | 148 (57.4) | 465 (54.6) | |
| Mild/controlled | 95 (36.8) | 300 (35.2) | |
| Severe/uncontrolled | 15 (5.8) | 87 (10.2) | |
| Hepatic encephalopathy, n (%) | 0.37 | ||
| None | 201 (77.9) | 695 (81.7) | |
| Mild/controlled | 54 (20.9) | 145 (17.1) | |
| Severe/uncontrolled | 3 (1.2) | 10 (1.2) | |
| Platelet count (109/L), median (IQR) | 108 (68 – 179) | 129 (82 – 191) | 0.003 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 0.76 (0.62 – 0.98) | 0.87 (0.72 – 1.06) | <0.001 |
| MELD score, median (IQR) | 9 (7 – 13) | 10 (8 – 13) | 0.006 |
| ALBI grade | 0.10 | ||
| 1 | 60 (23.3) | 157 (18.4) | |
| 2 | 142 (55.0) | 465 (54.6) | |
| 3 | 56 (21.7) | 230 (27.0) | |
| AFP (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 26 (7 – 778) | 53 (8 – 1172) | 0.045 |
| AFP (ng/mL), median (IQR) | 0.045 | ||
| <20 | 121 (46.9) | 326 (38.3) | |
| 20–200 | 56 (21.7) | 206 (24.2) | |
| >200 | 81 (31.4) | 319 (37.5) | |
| HCC detected, n (%) | 0.08 | ||
| Surveillance | 119 (46.1) | 328 (38.5) | |
| Incidental | 88 (34.1) | 317 (37.2) | |
| Symptomatic | 49 (19.0) | 198 (23.2) | |
| Unknown/not reported | 2 (0.8) | 9 (1.1) | |
| Number of tumors at diagnosis, n (%) | 0.002 | ||
| 1 | 157 (60.8) | 418 (49.1) | |
| 2 | 36 (14.0) | 124 (14.5) | |
| 3 or more | 65 (25.2) | 310 (36.4) | |
| Largest tumor diameter (cm), median (IQR) | 3.7 (2.2 – 7.2) | 4.4 (2.5 – 9.8) | 0.004 |
| Infiltrative-type tumor, n (%) | 46 (17.9) | 217 (25.6) | 0.02 |
| Macrovascular invasion, n (%) | 50 (20.3) | 236 (28.5) | 0.04 |
| Metastases, n (%) | 23 (8.9) | 114 (13.4) | 0.16 |
| BCLC stage, n (%) | 0.04 | ||
| 0/A | 137 (53.1) | 372 (43.7) | |
| B | 30 (11.6) | 102 (12.0) | |
| C | 52 (20.2) | 217 (25.5) | |
| D | 39 (15.1) | 161 (18.9) | |
| Most definitive treatment, n (%) | 0.29 | ||
| Resection | 34 (13.2) | 105 (12.3) | |
| Ablation | 34 (13.2) | 74 (8.7) | |
| OLT | 17 (6.6) | 65 (7.6) | |
| TACE/TARE | 72 (27.9) | 203 (23.8) | |
| SBRT | 4 (1.6) | 20 (2.4) | |
| Systemic therapy | 24 (2.3) | 98 (11.5) | |
| None/BSC | 73 (28.3) | 287 (33.7) | |
| Response most definitive treatment, n (%) | 0.04 | ||
| Complete response | 100 (54.1) | 240 (42.4) | |
| Partial response | 32 (17.3) | 91 (16.1) | |
| Stable disease | 5 (2.7) | 16 (2.8) | |
| Progressive disease | 31 (16.7) | 142 (25.1) | |
| Unknown | 17 (9.2) | 76 (13.5) |
†
<5% missing data for all variables unless otherwise specified
AFP – alpha-fetoprotein; ALBI grade – Albumin-Bilirubin grade; BCLC - Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; BMI – body mass index; HBV – hepatitis B virus; HCC - hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV – hepatitis C virus; INR – International Normalized Ratio; MELD – Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; NAFLD – nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NLR – neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; SD – standard deviation