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Lymphocyte-driven inflammation induces conduction blocks in structurally intact axons, drives demyelination, and induces transection of axons (with consequent conduction block) within acute lesions. Activated microglial cells might contribute to the repair mechanisms that lead to remyelination or to the degeneration of axons. Redistribution of sodium channels along demyelinated axons could restore conduction. Astrocytic activation and proliferation (gliosis) might impede repair.
