Table 4.

Urinary antimony (μg/L) geometric means and Odds Ratios (95% confidence intervals)

	Geometric Mean for antimony, [95% CI]	OR [95%CI] unadjusteda	p-value
Overall urinary antimony (μg/L)	0.09 μg/L [0.09, 0.10]
E-cigarette use/cigarette use
Neither E-cigarette nor cigarette use	0.10 μg/L [0.09, 0.11]	reference	NA
Smoking history (with/without e-cigarette use)	0.09 μg/L [0.09, 0.09]	1.02 [0.86, 1.12]	.9384
Only E-cigarette use (current or former)	0.10 μg/L [0.08, 0.13]	1.06 [0.82, 1.39]	.5292
Sex
Female	0.09 μg/L [0.09, 0.11]	reference	NA
Male	0.09 μg/L [0.08, 0.09]	0.92 [0.77, 1.10]	.3393
Age in years
18–25	0.09 μg/L [0.08, 0.10]	reference
26–44	0.10 μg/L [0.09, 0.11]	1.09 [0.96, 1.23]	.1008
45–65	0.09 μg/L [0.08, 0.10]	0.98 [0.81, 1.19]	.6372
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	0.10 μg/L [0.09, 0.11]	reference	NA
Non-Hispanic black	0.09 μg/L [0.07, 0.11]	0.94 [0.77, 1.15]	.5491
Mexican American	0.08 μg/L [0.07, 0.09]	0.81 [0.71, 0.93]	.0061
Other	0.11 μg/L [0.10, 0.14]	1.18 [0.98, 1.42]	.0774
Federal Poverty Level
≤200%	0.09 μg/L [0.08, 0.10]	0.94 [0.85, 1.03]	.1654
>200%	0.09 μg/L [0.09, 0.11]	reference	NA
		Creatinine-adjusted OR [95%CI]
Overall urinary antimony (μg/L)	0.10 μg/L [0.09, 0.11]
E-cigarette use/cigarette use
Neither e-cigarette nor cigarette use	0.11 μg/L [0.10, 0.13]	reference
Smoking history (with/without e-cigarette use)	0.10 μg/L [0.09, 0.11]	0.86 [0.68, 0.93]	.1632
Only e-cigarette use (current or former)	0.09 μg/L [0.06, 0.13]	0.81 [0.54, 1.21]	.2751
Sex
Female	0.13 μg/L [0.10, 0.16]	reference	NA
Male	0.08 μg/L [0.07, 0.09]	0.63 [0.49, 0.80]	.0010
Age in years
18–25	0.86 μg/L [0.07, 0.10]	reference	NA
26–44	0.11 μg/L [0.10, 0.12]	1.28 [1.10, 1.48]	.0030
45–65	0.11 μg/L [0.10, 0.13]	1.30 [1.05, 1.62]	.0198
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	1.44 μg/L [1.33, 1.60]	reference	NA
Non-Hispanic black	0.72 μg/L [0.59, 0.89]	0.50 [0.42, 0.61]	<.0001
Mexican American	1.01 μg/L [0.88, 1.15]	0.70 [0.59, 0.83]	.0012
Other	1.38 μg/L [1.19, 1.60]	0.96 [0.79, 1.65]	.0847
Federal Poverty Level
≤200%	0.10 μg/L [0.09, 0.11]	0.94 [0.80, 1.10]	.3951
>200%	0.11 μg/L [0.10, 0.12]	reference

The first part of each table contains unadjusted association between urinary antimony levels and each factor. The second part of each table contains association between urinary antimony levels and the specific metal adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and poverty level.

^aOdds ratios and p-values are based upon 1,302 participants in unadjusted/or creatinine-adjusted linear regression on log-transformed urinary antimony levels. Relative standard error of mean urinary antimony and e-cigarette use/cigarette use <30%.

Abbreviations: NA, not applicable.