Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with stroke and infective endocarditis treated with mechanical thrombectomy
| Authors | Age/sex | Site of the IE | AF | Treatment of OAC | Blood culture pathogen | Onset NIHSS score | Treatment with IV thrombolysis | LVO site | TICI | Endovascular revascularization technique | ICH | NIHSS outcome | mRS at follow-up |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D’Anna | 67/M | Mitral valve | No | No | Gemella morbillorum | 17 | No | M1 | 3 | Aspiration | No | 0–24 h after | 0 at 90 days |
| D’Anna | 30/F | Aortic valve | No | No | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | 22 | No | Distal ICA | 2a | Aspiration and stent retriever | Yes | 22–24 h after | 3 at 90 days |
| D’Anna | 65/F | Mitral valve | No | No | Staphylococcus aureus | 18 | NR | M2 | 0 | Aspiration | No | 21–24 h after | 4 at 90 days |
| Sloane et al. | 59/F | Mitral valve | No | No | Negative | 21 | No | M1 | 2B | Stent retriever | No | 6 after the procedure | 1 at 180 days |
| Distefano et al. | 75/M | Aortic valve | No | No | Enterococcus faecalis | 16 | Yes | M1 | NR (recanalised) | Aspiration | Yes | NR | 6 few days later |
| Sgreccia et al. | 31/M | Aortic valve | No | No | Candida parapsilosis | 18 | Yes | ICA bifurcation | 3 | Stent retriever | No | 0–48 h later | 0 at 90 days |
| Ambrosioni et al. | 79/M | Prosthetic (mechanical) | NR | Yes | Staphylococcus aureus | 9 | NR | M1 and ICA | 0 | Stent retriever | No | 35–24 h after | 6 at 7 days |
| Ambrosioni et al. | 69/ F | Prosthetic (mechanical) | NR | Yes | Streptococcus oralis | 10 | NR | Basilar | 3 | Stent retriever | No | 2–24 h after | 0 at 7 and 90 days |
| Ambrosioni et al. | 56/F | Native | NR | No | Negative culture | 19 | NR | M1 | 3 | Stent retriever | No | 2–24 h after | 0 at 7 and 90 days |
| Ambrosioni et al. | 72/M | Native | NR | No | Streptococcus dysgalactiae | 35 | NR | Basilar | 3 | Stent retriever | No | 35–24 h after | 6 at 7 days |
| Ambrosioni et al. | 79/F | Prosthetic (biological) | NR | Yes | Negative culture | 5 | NR | M1 | 2B | Stent retriever | No | 2–24 h after | 2 at 7 and 90 days |
| Ambrosioni et al. | 85/M | Prosthetic (biological) | NR | No | Staphylococcus epidermidis | 8 | NR | M1 | 3 | Stent retriever | No | 0–24 h after | 0 at 7 days and 6 at 90 days |
| Bolognese et al. | 42/M | Aortic valve | No | No | Streptococcus viridans | 3 | No | M2 | 2B | Aspiration | No | 0 at 4 weeks | NR |
| Elodie et al. | 70/ F | Aortic valve | Yes | Yes | Negative culture | 10 | No | M1 | NR (recanalised) | Stent retriever | No | 1 immediately after | 1 at 90 days |
| Nishino et al. | 72/M | Mitral valve | Yes | Yes | Streptococcus salivarius | NR | No | M2 | NR (recanalised) | Stent retriever | No | NR | 6 at 9 days |
| Scharf et al. | NR/NR | Mechanical mitral valve and native aortic valve | No | Yes | Streptococcus | 12 | No | M1 | 3 | Stent retriever and aspiration | No | 1 | 0 at discharge |
| Sveinsson et al. | 33/M | Prosthetic mitral valve | No | Yes | Serratia marcescens | 14 | No | M1 | NR (recanalised) | NR | No | 1 at discharge | 1 at discharge |
| Sveinsson et al. | 67/M | Prosthetic mitral valve | Yes | Yes | Enterococcus faecalis | 13 | No | M1 | NR (recanalised) | NR | No | 3 at discharge | 1 after few months |
| Sveinsson et al. | 39/F | Mitral valve | No | No | NR | 15 | No | M2 | NR (recanalised) | NR | No | 4 at discharge | 2 after 3 months |
| Ladner et al. | 40/NR | Aortic valve | No | No | Enterococcus faecalis | 3 | No | M1 | 3 | Aspiration | No | 0 at 13 days | 0 at 13 days |
| Kim et al. | 40/F | Mitral valve | No | No | Streptococcus mitis | 15 | No | M2 | NR (recanalised) | Aspiration | No | 3 at 2 days | 2 at 3 months |
| Toeg et al. | 73/M | Bioprosthetic aortic valve (replaced 8 weeks prior) | No | No | Gram-positive cocci | 20 | No | M1, A1 and distal ICA | NR (recanalised) | NR | No | 2 immediately after; 0 after 8 months | NR |
| Akkoyunlu et al. | 23/F | Mitral valve | No | No | Gram-positive coccobacillus | NR | No | M1 | NR (recanalised) | NR | No | NR | NR |
| Kang et al. | 39/F | Mitral valve | No | No | Streptococcus gordonii | 16 | No | M1 | 2b | Stent retriever | No | 3 at 4 weeks | NR |
| Dababneh et al. | 67/F | Bovine mitral valve (replaced 6 months prior) | Yes | Yes | Gram-negative vancomycin-resistant rods | NR | No | Between segments M1 and M2 | 2 or 3 | Stent retriever | No | NR | 6 at 7 days |
| Kan et al. | 78/F | Aortic valve | No | No | No | 16 | No | M2 | 3 | Stent retriever | No | 12–24 h later | NR |
| Liang et al. | 70/F | Mitral valve | Yes | Yes | Group B Streptococcus agalactiae | 24 | No | M2 | NR (recanalised) | Stent retriever | No | NR, reported no residual neurology | NR |
| Walker et al. | NR/NR | NR | NR | NR | Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus | 14 | Yes | NR | NR | Stent retriever | Yes | NR | 6 |
| Walker et al. | NR/NR | NR | NR | NR | Enterococcus faecalis | 14 | Yes | NR | NR | Stent retriever | Yes | NR | 6 |
| Bain et al. | 24/F | NR | No | Yes | Gram-positive bacilli | 18 | No | M1 | NR (recanalised) | Stent retriever | No | 7–24 h after; 2 after 2 months | NR |
M male; F female; IE infective endocarditis; IV intravenous; AF atrial fibrillation; OAC oral anticoagulant; NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ICA internal carotid artery; LVO large vessel occlusion; TICI thrombolysis in cerebral infarction; ICH intracranial haemorrhage; mRS modified Rankin Scale; NR not reported