Table 1.
Patient, Procedural, and Renal Characteristics of 125 African American Patients in Analysis Dataset Who Underwent Primary Surgery Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass by APOL1 Genotype
| Noncarriers (n = 64; 51%) | Heterozygous Carriers (n = 49; 39%) | Homozygous Carriers (n = 12; 10%) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | ||||
| Demographics | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 38 (59.4) | 28 (57.1) | 7 (58.3) | 0.97* |
| Age, mean (SD) | 54.4 (11.7) | 58.1 (9.9) | 53.6 (10.8) | 0.15† |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 30.2 (7.0) | 32.6 (9.4) | 32.1 (8.1) | 0.50† |
| History | ||||
| HTN | 42 (65.6%) | 33 (67.4%) | 10 (83.3%) | 0.48* |
| CHF | 31 (49.2) | 26 (54.2) | 6 (50.0) | 0.87* |
| COPD | 3 (4.7) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.76‡ |
| Diabetes mellitus | 27 (42.2) | 19 (38.8) | 4 (33.3) | 0.83‡ |
| Previous MI | 18 (28.1) | 11 (22.5) | 2 (16.7) | 0.62* |
| PVD | 4 (6.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (25.0) | 0.007‡ |
| CVD | 8 (12.5) | 5 (10.2) | 2 (16.7) | 0.72‡ |
| Ejection fraction, % (SD) | 47.8 (17.7) | 50.7 (14.7) | 51.9 (13.9) | 0.78† |
| Procedure characteristics | ||||
| Type | 0.29* | |||
| CABG, n (%) | 41 (64.1%) | 23 (46.9%) | 9 (75.0%) | |
| Valve, n (%) | 15 (23.4%) | 16 (32.7%) | 2 (16.7%) | |
| Other, n (%) | 8 (12.5%) | 10 (20.4%) | 1 (8.3%) | |
| Cross-clamp time (min), mean (SD) | 90.8 (56.4) | 86.9 (40.9) | 78.0 (15.4) | 0.83† |
| CPB time, mean (SD) | 158.5 (65.4) | 146.2 (50.4) | 153.3 (58.3) | 0.85† |
| Renal characteristics | ||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | ||||
| Baseline, mean (SD) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.36† |
| Peak, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 2.3 (1.6) | 0.52† |
| %ΔCr, % (SD) | 30.3 (32.2) | 28.6 (27.0) | 69.1 (117.5) | 0.94† |
| KDIGO AKI, n (%) | 34 (53.1%) | 32 (65.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.38‡ |
| Postoperative dialysis, n (%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.10‡ |
Abbreviations: APOL1, apolipoprotein L1; %ΔCr, peak serum creatinine rise after surgery relative to preoperative creatinine; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; HTN, hypertension; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes; MI, myocardial infarction; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; SD, standard deviation.
*
Chi-square test.
†
Kruskal Wallis test.
‡
Fisher exact test.