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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Epilepsy Res. 2020 Aug 19;167:106444. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106444

Figure 2: Epigenetic mechanisms regulated by ketogenic diet.

Figure 2:

The diagram represents the two major epigenetic alterations noted in patients and animal models of temporal lobe epilepsy and the mechanisms regulated by KD. DNA methylation: Global DNA hypermethylation induced by seizures is restored by KD via adenosine augmentation, shift in the SAH and SAM homeostasis and aiding DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Histone acetylation: Seizure-induced histone deacetylation is catalyzed by histone deacetylase (HDACs) resulting in closed chromatin structure and transcriptional gene repression. KD-induced increase in ketone bodies such as β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone reverses histone deacetylation by inhibiting HDACs.