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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2020 Dec 3;73(Suppl 1):49–61. doi: 10.1002/hep.31310

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

The mTOR signaling pathway network. RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase; IRS, Insulin receptor substrate; PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PIP2, phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate; PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog; PDK1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; AKT, protein kinase B; PKC, protein kinase C; SGK, serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase; TSC, tuberous sclerosis complex; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GSK3, glycogen synthase kinase 3; AMPK, AMP-activated kinase; Rheb, ras homolog enriched in brain; mTORC1, mammalian target of Rapamycin Complex 1; mTORC2, mammalian target of Rapamycin Complex 2; Raptor, regulatory protein associated with mTOR; Rictor, Rapamycin insensitive companion of mTOR; S6K, P70-S6 Kinase; 4E-BP1, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1; SREBP, sterol regulatory element binding protein; PFK, phospho-fructo kinase; MTHFD2, methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2; CAD, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase.