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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 2020 May 11;10(2):e382. doi: 10.1002/wdev.382

FIGURE 3.

FIGURE 3

Long-distance signaling by Semaphorin 3a. Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) exerts its biological actions through receptors, neuropilin-1 (Npn1) and plexin family members. For dendrite development, Sema3a are shown to induce PlexA4 colocalization and interaction with TRK-A receptor in growth cones and along axons (N. Yamashita et al., 2016). For regressive signaling, Sema3a signals retrograde apoptosis in developing sympathetic neurons via PlexinA3-NPN-1 which requires caspase 3 and 8 but does not depend on the availability of NGF on distal axons (Wehner et al., 2016). The untested hypothetical segments of retrograde signaling by Sema3a are indicated by question marks. Sema3a is depicted as sema due to space limitation