Table 1.
Diagnostic performance characteristics for OTC medications on the EHR medication list (n = 450)
| Medications | No. active users |
Positive predictive value % (95% CI) |
Negative predictive value % (95% CI) |
Sensitivity % (95% CI) |
Specificity % (95% CI) |
Accuracy % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspirin | 173 | 88.4 (82.3–93.0) | 87.8 (83.5–91.3) | 79.2 (72.4–85.0) | 93.5 (89.9–96.1) | 88.0 (84.6–90.9) |
| NSAIDs | 69a | 71.4 (44.6–88.6) | 93.3 (92.7–93.9) | 14.5 (7.2–25.0) | 99.5 (98.8–99.9) | 93.0 (91.1–94.6) |
| Ibuprofen | 55 | 69.2 (41.8–87.6) | 90.5 (89.4–91.4) | 16.4 (7.8–28.8) | 99.1 (97.7–99.8) | 88.9 (86.9–92.4) |
| Naproxen | 14 | 100 (N/A) | 97.1 (96.7–97.5) | 7.1 (0.2–33.9) | 100 (99.2–100) | 97.1 (95.1–98.5) |
| PPIs | 97 | 69.6 (61.9–76.4) | 98.5 (97.7–99.0) | 80.4 (71.1–87.8) | 97.3 (96.2–98.1) | 96.1 (94.9–97.1) |
| Omeprazole | 84 | 68.4 (60.3–75.5) | 95.2 (92.8–96.8) | 79.8 (69.6–87.8) | 91.5 (88.2–94.2) | 89.3 (86.1–92.0) |
| Esomeprazole | 8 | 77.8 (46.1–93.5) | 99.8% (98.6–100) | 87.5 (47.4–99.7) | 99.6 (98.4–100) | 99.3 (98.1–99.9) |
| Lansoprazole | 5 | 80.0 (35.0–99.5) | 99.8 (98.7–100) | 80.0 (28.4–99.5) | 99.8 (98.8–100) | 99.6 (98.4–100) |
Abbreviations used: OTC, over-the-counter; EHR, electronic health record; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; N/A, not available; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
a
Three patients were actively using both ibuprofen and naproxen.