Table 1.
Study (author, year) | Country | Setting | Study design | Population | Remote consultation type |
Rokstad and Straand, 1997 [20] | Norway | Primary care practices | Prospective cohort | All registered patients | Telephone, letter, or through a messenger (mixed) |
McKinstry et al, 2002 [21] | Scotland | Primary care practices | Randomized controlled trial | All patients that phoned for a same-day appointment | Telephone |
Mehrotra et al, 2012 [22] | United States | Primary care practices | Retrospective cohort | All patients | Text-based e-visit |
Huibers et ala, 2014 [16] | Denmark | Out-of-hours primary care contacts | Retrospective cohort | All registered patients | Telephone |
Ewen et al, 2015 [23] | United States | Primary care practices | Retrospective cohort | All registered patients | Telephone |
Uscher-Pines et al, 2016 [24] | United Statesb | Primary care practices | Retrospective cohort | Adults aged 18-64 years | Telephone, video, internet, or mobile app consultation (mixed) |
Christensen et ala, 2016 [17] | Denmark | Out-of-hours primary care contacts | Retrospective cohort | All registered patients | Telephone |
Shi et al, 2018 [25] | United Statesb | Primary care practices | Retrospective cohort | Adults aged 18-64 years | Audio and audio-visual conferencing (mixed) |
Ray et al, 2019 [27] | United Statesb | Primary care practices | Retrospective cohort | Children aged 0-17 years | Audio-only or audio-video conferencing (mixed) |
Murray et al, 2019 [18] | United States | Primary care practices or retail clinics | Retrospective cohort | Women aged 18-65 years | Telephone and text-based e-visit |
Johnson et al, 2019 [26] | United States | Primary care practices | Retrospective cohort | Adults aged ≥18 years | Text-based e-visit |
Penza et al, 2020 [19] | United States | Primary care retail clinics | Retrospective cohort | Children aged 18 months-18 years | Telephone and text-based e-visit |
aArticles published on the same study.
bThe data were sourced from national health insurance companies. Therefore, no specific setting was recorded.