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. 2020 Oct 28;8:571332. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571332

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Copyright © 2020 Izsak, Vizlin-Hodzic, Iljin, Strandberg, Jadasz, Olsson Bontell, Theiss, Hanse, Ågren, Funa and Illes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The impact of TGF-β1 in human iPSC-derived neural stem cell cultures. (A) Schematic representation of the experimental design. (B) Confocal images visualize MAP2AB⁺ neurons in vehicle control, TGF-β1, TGF-β1 + SB, and SB treated hiPSC-NSC cultures. (C) Diagrams show the percentage of MAP2AB⁺ neurons (i) and the number of DAPI cells (ii) quantified in the cultures in the indicated conditions (hiPSC line C1, N = 3, n = 2–3). (D) Example overview images (10x) visualizing GFAP⁺ glial cells in vehicle control, TGF-β1, TGF-β1 + SB, and SB treated hiPSC-NSC cultures. (E) Example confocal images (40x) visualize the appearance of GFAP⁺ glial cells among MAP2AB⁺ neurons, in TGF-β1 treated hiPSC-NSC cultures. (F) Diagrams show (i) the area covered by GFAP⁺ glial cells and (ii) the number of DAPI cells quantified in the cultures under the indicated conditions (hiPSC line C1, N = 3, n = 3). (G) Gene expression of GFAP in vehicle control and TGF-β1 treated cultures (hiPSC line C1 and C2, N = 2, n = 1–2). The data is presented as mean ± standard deviation. Either one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction (multiple comparisons) or unpaired t-test was used to calculate the indicated p-values.