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. 2020 Oct 28;8:571332. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.571332

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Copyright © 2020 Izsak, Vizlin-Hodzic, Iljin, Strandberg, Jadasz, Olsson Bontell, Theiss, Hanse, Ågren, Funa and Illes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Assessment of TGF-β1 in functional neuronal circuit formation. (A) Phase-contrast images show the morphology of TGF-β1 treated and untreated hiPSC-neural cells cultured on a nine-electrode array of a six-well MEA for 1 week and 5 weeks. (B) Example traces of spiking and bursting activity recorded in TGF-β1 treated and untreated hiPSC-neural cultures. (C) Diagrams illustrate neuronal population activity parameters in TGF-β1-treated and untreated hiPSC-neural cultures. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Unpaired t-test between the groups was applied to calculate the indicated p-values (hiPSC line C2 and ChiPS4, N = 2–3, n = 6 per condition per line). (D) Representative examples of MEA recordings, spike raster plots (SRP) and population-firing rates illustrate the activity of asynchronously active (i), and partially synchronously active (ii) neuronal populations. (E) Pie charts illustrate the percentage of hiPSC-neural cultures showing asynchronous or partially synchronous neuronal activity in TGF-β1 treated and untreated groups. (F) Representative examples of MEA recordings showing neuronal activity of TGF-β1 treated and untreated hiPSC-neural cultures before and after Gabazine, CNQX, AP-5, and TTX-treatment, respectively.