Table 3.
Organ disease characteristics by race/ethnicity.
| NHW | NHB | Hispanic | NHO | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organ involvement, n (%) | |||||
| Heart (N = 1963) | 1010 (62%) | 124 (69%) | 56 (67%) | 29 (54%) | 0.122 |
| Kidney (N = 2121) | 1397 (78%) | 134 (72%) | 61 (72%) | 37 (69%) | 0.068 |
| Liver (N = 1846) | 422 (27%) | 57 (32%) | 21 (27%) | 13 (25%) | 0.508 |
| Nervous systema (N = 1806) | 566 (38%) | 51 (30%) | 28 (35%) | 13 (27%) | 0.097 |
| Organ biomarkers | |||||
| BNP (N = 1338), pg/mL (IQR) | 424 (206–881) | 480 (207–863) | 1041 (429–1758) | 221 (107–510) | 0.001 |
| BNP > 700 pg/mL, n (%) | 212 (33%) | 27 (33%) | 22 (61%) | 4 (17%) | 0.002 |
| BU cardiac stageb (N = 1158), n (%) | |||||
| Stage I | 267 (29%) | 30 (26%) | 18 (30%) | 21 (45%) | |
| Stage II | 400 (43%) | 48 (41%) | 18 (30%) | 21 (45%) | |
| Stage III | 126 (14%) | 19 (16%) | 8 (13%) | 3 (6%) | |
| Stage IIIb | 141 (15%) | 20 (17%) | 16 (27%) | 2 (4%) | 0.033 |
| Pairwise comparison, P | Ref. | 0.718 | 0.080 | 0.024 | |
| Proteinuria (N = 2221), g/24 h (IQR) | 1195 (105–6027) | 1164 (183–4447) | 486 (93–4592) | 781 (103–5628) | 0.059 |
| eGFR (N = 2088), mL/min per 1.73 m2 (IQR) | 68 (39–91) | 73 (35–106) | 64 (21–89) | 90 (59–102) | <0.001 |
| Renal stage (N = 1932), n (%) | |||||
| Stage I | 787 (48%) | 77 (52%) | 33 (45%) | 31 (57%) | |
| Stage II | 653 (39%) | 61 (42%) | 34 (47%) | 18 (33%) | |
| Stage III | 218 (13%) | 9 (6%) | 6 (8%) | 5 (9%) | 0.113 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (N = 2077), IU/L (IQR) | 92 (71–135) | 103 (71–152) | 98 (76–180) | 100 (74–149) | 0.841 |
| Diagnostic and referral intervals | |||||
| Time from first reported sign/symptom to diagnosis in months (N = 1933), median (IQR) | 6.8 (2.3–13.5) | 6.2 (1.7–12.7) | 4.1 (1.5–9.9) | 5.2 (2.0–12.8) | 0.333 |
| Time from diagnosis to initial visit at the referral center in months, median (IQR) | 2.5 (1.4–6.0) | 2.9 (1.4–6.4) | 2.0 (1.1–4.1) | 3.6 (1.6–9.7) | 0.603 |
Laboratory measurements during initial evaluation is presented here as medians with IQRs.
BNP brain natriuretic peptide, BU Boston University, Ref. reference group, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate by CKD-EPI equation, IQR interquartile range.
aDenotes autonomic and/or peripheral nervous system.
bBNP and troponin-I were unavailable before the mid-2000s.