Fig. 1.

The spiked (3-D) MEA cell culture interface for electrophysiological recording. Components of the in vitro recording system are shown: a An enlarged view of a single spike electrode (50–70 µm in height, 40 × 40 µm based dimension), b an array of these electrodes (59 electrodes with 200 µm inter-electrode spacing), c the MEA culture dish, d a Multi Channel Systems preamplifier, e a multichannel recording output snapshot showings spikes and bursts in dark vertical lines that cross a horizontal threshold line, f a schematic of the 3-D neural culture, g nylon-mesh insert for culture immobilization, h and FEP-membrane cap for reducing evaporative losses and the possibility of infection. (a–c courtesy: Ayanda Biosystems, Lausanne, Switzerland; Heuschkel et al. [31])