Table 1.
Co-morbidities and infection outcomes.
| No tocilizumab (n = 57) | Tocilizumab (n = 54) | p-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
| PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS AND COMORBIDITIES | |||
| Age (mean ± standard deviation) | 61.8 ± 16.6 | 64.5 ± 13.6 | 0.347 |
| APACHE II (mean ± standard deviation) | 15.65 ± 8.70 | 17.33 ± 5.68 | 0.078 |
| <25 | 50 | 48 | |
| ≥25 | 7 | 6 | 0.848 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (mean ± standard deviation) | 3.59 ± 3.82 | 3.82 ± 3.02 | 0.059 |
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| CCI categories | |||
| CCI = 0 | 7 (12.3) | 2 (3.7) | |
| CCI = 1–2 | 17 (29.8) | 19 (35.2) | |
| CCI = 3–4 | 14 (24.6) | 11 (20.4) | |
| CCI > = 5 | 19 (33.3) | 22 (40.7) | |
| Sex | 0.009 | ||
| Male | 25 (43.9) | 37 (68.5) | |
| Female | 32 (56.1) | 17 (31.5) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24 (42.1) | 21 (38.9) | 0.730 |
| Hypertension | 38 (66.7) | 36 (66.7) | 1.000 |
| ESRD | 10 (17.5) | 9 (16.7) | 0.902 |
| Obese (BMI > = 30) | 39 (68.4) | 30 (55.6) | 0.162 |
| Overweight (BMI = 25–30) | 4 (7.0) | 3 (5.6) | 1.000 |
| Any cardiovascular disease | 10 (17.5) | 13 (24.1) | 0.375 |
| Myocardial infarction history | 3 (5.2) | 6 (11.1) | 0.313 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 (15.8) | 6 (11.1) | 0.471 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2 (3.5) | 4 (7.4) | 0.430 |
| DVT/PE | 2 (3.5) | 6 (11.1) | 0.155 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 9 (15.8) | 11 (20.4) | 0.530 |
| Any pulmonary disease | 15 (26.3) | 9 (16.7) | 0.466 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 7 (12.3) | 5 (9.3) | 0.762 |
| Stroke/TIA | 9 (15.8) | 6 (11.1) | 0.582 |
| Hemiplegia | 5 (8.8) | 1 (1.9) | 0.207 |
| Dementia | 7 (12.3) | 3 (5.6) | 0.322 |
| Any connective tissue disorder | 0 (0) | 1 (1.9) | 0.486 |
| Any liver disease | 2 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 0.496 |
| Cancer | 4 (7.0) | 7 (13.0) | 0.352 |
| Transplantation | 0 (0) | 5 (9.3) | 0.025 |
| Substance abuse | 0 (0) | 1 (1.8) | 0.486 |
| Alcohol abuse | 4 (7.0) | 2 (3.7) | 0.679 |
| Smoking | 0.846 | ||
| Never | 31 (54.4) | 32 (59.3) | |
| Past use | 22 (38.6) | 18 (33.3) | |
| Current use | 4 (7.0) | 4 (7.4) | |
| Immunosuppressive agents | 1 (1.8) | 7 (13.0) | 0.029 |
| Corticosteroids | 8 (14.0) | 13 (24.1) | 0.227 |
| INFECTION OUTCOMES | |||
| Bacterial infections | 16 (28.1) | 26 (48.1) | 0.029 |
| Hospital/ventilator-acquired pneumonia | 9 (15.8) | 18 (33.3) | |
| Sepsis, other source, or undefined | 7 (12.3) | 8 (14.8) | |
| Fungal infections | 0 | 3b (5.6) | 0.112 |
| Pneumonia | 0 | 1 (1.9) | |
| Sinusitis | 0 | 2 (3.7) | |
| Microbiological diagnosis | 9 (15.8) | 10 (18.5) | 0.530 |
*
T-tests, Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, or Fisher's exact tests were used as appropriate.
#One patient suffered from both fungal pneumonia and fungal sinusitis.