Table 1.
Characteristics of 46 Study Participants Enrolled from an Outpatient Addiction Treatment Facility, 2016–2017.
| Characteristic | Total n (%) |
Ag n (%) |
AgAt n (%) |
At n (%) |
N n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 46 (100) | 5 (100) | 4 (100) | 6 (100) | 31 (100) |
| Age, median (IQR) | 33.5 (26.3–47.5) | 38 (31–46) | 27.5 (23.5–35.8) | 34 (27.5–44.3) | 36 (25.5–48) |
| Gender | |||||
| Female | 26 (41.3) | 1 (20.0) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (16.7) | 15 (48.4) |
| Male | 19 (56.5) | 4 (80.0) | 2 (50.0) | 5 (83.3) | 15 (48.4) |
| Other | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) |
| Race | |||||
| Black | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (6.5) |
| White | 39 (84.7) | 3 (60.0) | 4 (100.0) | 5 (83.3) | 27 (87.1) |
| Multiple Races | 2 (4.3) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.2) |
| Other | 3 (6.5) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (3.2) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 5 (10.9) | 1 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 1 (16.7) | 3 (9.7) |
| Used alcohola | 34 (73.9) | 3 (60.0) | 3 (75.0) | 5 (83.3) | 23 (74.2) |
| Antibiotic use | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Days in treatment, Median (IQR) | 34 (5–74) | 12 (3–1171) | 549 (123–949) | 23 (6–53) | 19 (6–67) |
| Fiber (g/day), median (IQR)b | 15.7 (14.1–18.4) | 13.5 (12.7–17.0) | 17.9 (14.9–19.0) | 16.9 (13.2–18.3) | 15.6 (14.3–17.7) |
| Depression Score, median (IQR)c | 9.5 (6.0–12.8) | 13 (12–18) | 7 (6.5–8.8) | 9 (6.3–11) | 9 (5.5–11.5) |
| Anxiety Score, median (IQR)d | 8 (4–10) | 13 (9–14) | 4.5 (1.5–8) | 8 (7–9.8) | 7 (3–9.5) |
| Craving Score, median (IQR)e | 9 (5–16) | 16 (9–19) | 5.5 (6.5–13) | 12 (6.8–17.3) | 8.5 (5–13.8) |
Ag opioid agonist only (heroin [n = 2] or prescription opioid [n = 3]), AgAt opioid agonist–antagonist use (buprenorphine–naloxone [n = 3] or prescription opioids + naltrexone [n = 1]), At opioid antagonist use only (naltrexone [n = 6]), N neither opioid agonist nor antagonist use (n = 31), IQR interquartile range.
aParticipants self-reported alcohol use in the 30 days before the substance use survey (before enrolling in the microbiota study).
bFiber intake data were available for 45 of 46 participants (30 of 31 participants who used neither opioid agonists nor antagonists).
cScore from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 (range 0–27).
dScore from the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item scale (range 0–21).
eScore from the modified Penn Craving Scale (range 0–30). Data were available for 45 of 46 participants (30 of 31 participants who used neither opioid agonists not antagonists).