Table 3. Multivariable regression analysis of factors associated with inpatient and post-discharge mortality.
| Inpatient analysis | Post-discharge analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted RR (95%
CI) |
P-value | Adjusted HR
(95% CI) |
P-value | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age in years | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 0.04 | - | - |
| Clinical features at admission | ||||
| Respiratory rate per minute | ||||
| <20 | 2.03 (0.78 to 5.29) | 0.15 | - * | - |
| 20 to 30 | Reference | Reference | ||
| >30 | 2.21 (1.41 to 3.47) | 0.001 | 1.72 (1.12 to 2.63) | 0.01 |
| History of breathing difficulty | 2.07 (1.40 to 3.06) | <0.001 | ||
| Weak pulse | 2.18 (1.30 to 3.65) | 0.003 | 3.54 (1.64 to 7.64) | 0.001 |
| Impaired consciousness | 5.51 (3.76 to 8.10) | <0.001 | ||
| Assigned diagnosis at discharge/death | ||||
| Epilepsy/convulsions | 0.30 (0.12 to 0.73) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Investigations at admission | ||||
| HIV infected | 1.75 (1.08 to 2.85) | 0.02 | 3.06 (1.69 to 5.54) | <0.001 |
| Malaria slide positive | - | - | 0.43 (0.20 to 0.93) | 0.03 |
| Anaemia | ||||
| None | - | - | Reference | |
| Moderate | - | - | 1.38 (0.73 to 2.61) | 0.33 |
| Severe | - | - | 2.34 (1.18 to 4.63) | 0.02 |
| Bacteraemia | 3.69 (2.23 to 6.10) | <0.001 | - | - |
| Nutritional status at admission | ||||
| MUAC-for-age Z score | ||||
| ≥-2 | - | - | Reference | |
| -3 to -2 | - | - | 1.66 (0.95 to 2.91) | 0.08 |
| <-3 | - | - | 3.74 (2.24 to 6.25) | <0.001 |
| Missing | - | - | 4.99 (1.47 to 17.0) | 0.01 |
| HAZ-for-age Z score | ||||
| ≥-2 | Reference | |||
| -3 to -2 | 0.88 (0.54 to 1.44) | 0.62 | - | - |
| <-3 | 2.04 (1.30 to 3.20) | 0.002 | - | - |
| Missing | 1.71 (1.06 to 2.76) | 0.03 | - | - |
| Model performance | ||||
| AUC (95% CI) | 0.84 (0.81 to 0.88) | 0.76 (0.70 to 0.81) | ||
| Bootstrap AUC (95% CI) | .85 (0.81 to 0.89) | 0.76 (0.70 to 0.81) | ||
Variables are included in this table if they were selected through the backward step-wise approach and have adjusted P<0.05 for either inpatient or post-discharge analysis. All variables considered in the regression models are shown in the univariable analysis models (Table S4). MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; HAZ, height-for-age z-score; AUC, area under receiver operating characteristics; RR, risk ratio from the log-binomial regression model; HR, hazard ratio from Cox proportion regression model, the global Schoenfeld residuals test for proportional hazard assumption P-value=0.11. *Insufficient numbers.