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. 2020 Oct 14;8(10):417. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines8100417

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Illustration of Mn²⁺ embedded MNP as a T1-weighted contrast agent for MRI. (B) T1 weighted MR images of MNPs with different concentrations. (C) The T1 relaxation rates of MNP aqueous solution with different concentrations. The longitudinal relaxivity (r1) was determined to be 17.88 mM⁻¹s⁻¹. (D) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of MNPs. (E) TEM images of MNPs synthesized by oxidation of L-Dopa with KMnO4 (upper) and by auto-oxidation after neutralization of dopamine hydrochloride with NaOH (down). The corresponding elemental mapping of Na (red) and Mn (green).