Table 4. Medications, adverse events, and clinical outcomes of patients with NIV intolerance.
| Variables | Overall (n=90) | REM (n=52) | DEX (n=38) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time spent in the study, h | 12 (6, 36) | 13.5 (6, 45) | 12 (3, 36) | 0.245 |
| duration of NIV, h | 17.5 (9, 48) | 24 (10, 46) | 15 (6, 48) | 0.484 |
| Medications | ||||
| Minimum infusion dose, µg/kg/min | 0.04±0.01 | |||
| Minimum infusion dose, µg/kg/h | 0.42±0.10 | |||
| Maximum infusion dose, µg/kg/min | 0.06±0.02 | |||
| Maximum infusion dose, µg/kg/h | 0.60±0.20 | |||
| Midazolam ever used, n (%) | 5 (5.6) | 2 (3.9) | 3 (7.9) | 0.408 |
| Olanzapine ever used, n (%) | 8 (8.9) | 4 (7.7) | 4 (10.5) | 0.641 |
| Patients ever deeply sedated, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Adverse effects | ||||
| Chest wall rigidity, n (%) | 1 | 0 | ||
| Vomiting, n (%) | 1 | 0 | ||
| Severe hemodynamic instability, n (%) | 0 | 1 | ||
| NIV failure, n (%) | 18 (20.0) | 10 (19.2) | 8 (21.1) | 0.831 |
| Duration from sedation to intubation, h | 10 (5, 27) | 10 (6, 16) | 15 (2, 51) | 0.755 |
| In-hospital reintubation, n (%) | 21 (23.3) | 12 (23.1) | 9 (23.6) | 0.724 |
| Tracheostomy, n (%) | 14 (15.6) | 8 (15.4) | 6 (15.8) | 0.958 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 10 (11.1) | 6 (11.5) | 4 (10.5) | 0.880 |
| ICU LOS, d | 7 (5, 13) | 7 (5, 13) | 7 (5, 13) | 0.802 |
| In-hospital LOS, d | 18 (15, 27) | 17 (15, 28) | 19 (15, 25) | 0.589 |
Continuous data are presented as the mean (SD) or median (IQR). Categorical data are presented as counts (%). NIV, noninvasive ventilation; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay.