Figure 1.

The STAT3‐driven upregulation of TLR2 promotes gastric tumorigenesis by regulating genes involved in cell proliferation and survival. The induction of several TLR2 DAMPs by TLR2 and/or IL‐11/STAT3 signaling pathways may lead to excessive TLR2 activation, resulting in the promotion of gastric epithelial cell growth in a positive feedback loop mechanism. BCL2A1, BCL2‐related protein A1; DAMP, danger‐associated molecular pattern; gp130, glycoprotein 130; IL, interleukin; NF‐κB, nuclear factor‐kappa B; PI3K, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase; SAA, serum amyloid A; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TLR, toll‐like receptor.