Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants with Parkinson’s disease
| H&Y I-I.5 | H&Y II | H&Y II.5 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants (n) | 11 | 37 | 6 |
| Age (years) | 68.0 ± 11.8 | 68.7 ± 10.2 | 74.5 ± 8.9 |
| Sex (n, %) | |||
| Women | 2 (18.2%) | 18 (48.6%) | 4 (66.7%) |
| Men | 9 (81.8%) | 19 (51.4%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| Height (cm) | 170.2 ± 9.4 | 164.2 ± 6.2 | 162.2 ± 8.3 |
| Weight (kg) | 79.3 ± 15.4 | 72.1 ± 14.9 | 75.0 ± 11.7 |
| Education level (years) | 9.0 ± 5.7 | 9.0 ± 4.3 | 5.5 ± 3.2 |
| Disease duration (years) | 3.8 ± 2.1 | 6.7 ± 4.0 | 8.9 ± 5.6 |
| Phenotype (n, %) | |||
| Tremor dominant | 6 (54.5%) | 18 (48.6%) | 3 (50.0%) |
| Akinetic/rigid | 2 (18.2%) | 6 (16.2%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| Mixed | 3 (27.3%) | 13 (35.1%) | 1 (16.7%) |
| Positive ioflupane I123 injection test (n) | 5 out of 5 (100%) | 12 out of 15 (80%) | 2 out of 2 (100%) |
| Movement disorders* | |||
| Tremor type | |||
| Postural | 5 (45.5%) | 9 (24.3%) | 1 (16.7%) |
| Rest | 2 (18.2%) | 6 (16.2%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| Both | 3 (27.3%) | 19 (51.4%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| Freezing | 0 | 9 (24.3%) | 1 (16.7%) |
| Festination | 2 (18.2%) | 8 (21.6%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| Dyskinesia | 0 | 6 (16.2%) | 0 |
| Fallers | 1 (9.1%) | 8 (21.6%) | 2 (33.3%) |
| Schwab & England Activities of Daily Living Scale (100%) (n) | 11 (100%) | 24 (64.9%) | 4 (66.7%) |
| REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (n) | 4 (36.4%) | 21 (56.8%) | 1 (16.7%) |
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale | |||
| I. Mentation, Behavior And mood | 1.4 ± 1.4 | 2.5 ± 2.3 | 1.8 ± 1.8 |
| II. Activities of daily living | 2.2 ± 1.42.3 | 7.4 ± 4.2 | 7.3 ± 3.1 |
| III. Motor examination | 8.4 ± 4.02.3 | 18.7 ± 7.5 | 16.8 ± 4.6 |
| III. Motor examination (lower body) | 2.2 ± 1.51 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | 4.6 ± 1.5 |
| Mini Mental State Examination | 27.18 ± 2.5 | 27.18 ± 2.5 | 24.50 ± 2.4 |
| modified Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview | 0.0 ± 0.0 | 2.05 ± 4.7 | 1.00 ± 2.4 |
| 39-item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (%) | 3.68 ± 2.9 | 14.07 ± 15.3 | 17.43 ± 14.3 |
| Non-Motor Symptoms Scale | 13.36 ± 12.6a | 34.86 ± 24.1 | 27.50 ± 15.4 |
| Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment | |||
| Total | 27.73 ± 0.5d | 26.68 ± 1.6b | 24.83 ± 2.4 |
| Balance subscale | 15.73 ± 0.5d | 15.35 ± 0.9b | 14.17 ± 1.3 |
| Gait subscale | 12.00 ± 0.0b | 11.32 ± 0.9 | 10.67 ± 1.2 |
| Functional Gait Assessment | 27.91 ± 2.5d | 25.68 ± 3.0d | 20.83 ± 4.9 |
| 10-m Walking Test (s) | 4.50 ± 0.7d | 5.52 ± 1.2 | 6.68 ± 2.0 |
| Levodopa currently treated (n, %) | 3 (27.3%) | 33 (89.2%) | 6 (100%) |
Characteristics of participants with Parkinson’s disease, grouped by their clinical progress. Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%). H&Y: Hoehn & Yahr
*Evaluated with the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale
aSignificantly different from H&YII (p < 0.05)
bSignificantly different from H&Y II.5 (p < 0.05)
cSignificantly different from H&Y II (p < 0.01)
dSignificantly different from H&Y II.5 (p < 0.01)