Table 3.

Baseline characteristics of patients underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection and primary surgery for superficial esophageal squamous cell cancer.

	Reference	ESD	Surgery	p-value
Case number	Min et al.,21 Zhang et al.,22 Yamauchi et al.29 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31	638	546
Age (median)	Min et al.,21 Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31	64.1	62.6	0.136
Sex (male %)	Min et al.,21 Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31	82.5	78.7	0.069
Lesion size (median, mm)	Min et al.,21 Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31	17–45	16–52	0.163
Location	Min et al.,21 Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31			0.842
Upper		74	42	0.043*
Middle		332	264	0.332
Lower		176	189	0.687
Invasion depth	Min et al.,21 Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31			0.057†
T1a (mucosa)		425	207
T1b (submucosa)		159	288
Lesions > 3/4 circumference (%)	Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31	21.8	44.5	<0.001*
Lymphovascular invasion (%)	Min et al.,21 Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31	7.7	15.3	0.132†
Poorly differentiated (%)	Min et al.,21 Baisi et al.,30	2.1	2.3	0.678
R0 resection (%)	Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31	89.8	97.0	<0.001*
Recurrence and metastasis (%)	Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.,30 Takeuchi et al.31	9.4	12.2	0.646†
Metachronous recurrence (%)	Min et al.,21 Baisi et al.,30	7.4	0	0.028*
Procedure time (min, median)	Zhang et al.22	53	240	<0.001*
Hospital stay (days)	Zhang et al.,22 Baisi et al.30	4.3	12.2	0.02*

^*p < 0.05.

^†random-effects model owing to significant heterogeneity.

ESD, endoscopic submucosal dissection.