Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and treatment (N=1549)
| Overall | <65 years old | ≥65 years old | P value | |
| n/N (%) | n/N (%) | n/N (%) | ||
| Male | 890/1549 (57.5) | 400/642 (62.3) | 490/907 (54.0) | 0.001 |
| Migrant | 385/1549 (24.8) | 296/642 (46.1) | 89/642 (13.9) | <0.001 |
| Clinical background | ||||
| Influenza vaccine 19/20 | 498/1101 (45.2) | 90/463 (19.4) | 408/638 (63.9) | <0.001 |
| Cardiological disease | 375/1545 (24.3) | 37/640 (5.8) | 338/905 (37.3) | <0.001 |
| High blood pressure | 851/1548 (55.0) | 185/641 (28.9) | 666/907 (73.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 382/1541 (24.8) | 85/636 (13.4) | 297/905 (32.8) | <0.001 |
| Tobacco smoker/ex-smoker | 374/1344 (27.8) | 121/555 (21.8) | 253/789 (32.0) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 240/1531 (15.7) | 110/636 (17.3) | 130/895 (14.5) | 0.129 |
| COPD | 211/1541 (13.7) | 37/638 (5.8) | 174/903 (19.3) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 122/1545 (7.9) | 51/639 (8.0) | 71/906 (7.8) | 0.668 |
| OSAS | 79/935 (8.4) | 32/401 (8.0) | 47/534 (8.8) | 0.654 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 57/125 (45.6) | 12/28 (42.7) | 45/97 (46.4) | 0.741 |
| Thromboembolic disease | 41/939 (4.4) | 10/410 (2.4) | 31/529 (5.9) | 0.011 |
| Neurological disease | 178/1540 (11.6) | 37/637 (5.8) | 141/903 (15.6) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 104/1543 (6.7) | 16/639 (2.5) | 88/904 (9.7) | <0.001 |
| Cirrhosis | 28/1540 (1.8) | 13/638 (2.0) | 15/902 (1.7) | 0.209 |
| Haematological/oncological cancer | 103/1540 (6.7) | 21/640 (3.3) | 82/900 (9.1) | <0.001 |
| HIV | 9/1542 (0.6) | 7/639 (1.1) | 2/903 (0.2) | 0.012 |
| Autoimmune disease | 47/913 (5.1) | 17/393 (4.3) | 30/520 (5.8) | 0.328 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Fever | 1159/1540 (75.3) | 533/638 (83.5) | 626/902 (69.4) | <0.001 |
| Headache | 133/1533 (8.7) | 92/634 (14.5) | 41/899 (4.6) | <0.001 |
| Malaise | 671/1533 (43.8) | 282/637 (44.3) | 389/896 (43.3) | 0.928 |
| Confused | 87/1532 (5.7) | 11/633 (1.7) | 76/899 (8.4) | <0.001 |
| Dyspnoea | 891/1533 (58.1) | 362/632 (57.3) | 529/901 (58.7) | 0.382 |
| Superior respiratory tract symptoms | 316/1534 (20.6) | 153/635 (24.1) | 163/899 (18.1) | 0.009 |
| Cough | 1010/1538 (65.7) | 469/638 (73.5) | 541/900 (60.1) | <0.001 |
| Expectoration | 194/1535 (12.6) | 69/635 (10.9) | 125/900 (13.9) | 0.167 |
| Haemoptysis | 26/1532 (1.7) | 15/633 (2.3) | 11/899 (1.2) | 0.207 |
| Chest pain | 134/1534 (8.7) | 79/635 (12.4) | 55/899 (6.1) | <0.001 |
| Muscle pain | 291/1534 (19.0) | 166/635 (26.1) | 125/899 (13.9) | <0.001 |
| Abdominal pain | 49/1534 (3.19) | 16/635 (2.52) | 33/899 (3.67) | 0.280 |
| Nausea/vomiting | 178/1532 (11.6) | 88/636 (13.8) | 90/896 (10.0) | 0.040 |
| Diarrhoea | 269/1530 (17.6) | 143/636 (22.5) | 126/894 (14.1) | <0.001 |
| Skin rash | 8/1531 (0.5) | 5/636 (0.8) | 3/895 (0.3) | 0.087 |
| Anosmia | 41/1153 (3.6) | 29/489 (5.9) | 12/664 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Complications during admission | ||||
| Bacterial pneumonia | 43/1362 (3.2) | 13/551 (2.4) | 30/811 (3.7) | 0.320 |
| Sepsis | 28/1372 (2.0) | 16/554 (2.9) | 12/818 (1.5) | 0.054 |
| Respiratory distress syndrome | 195/1368 (14.2) | 74/550 (13.4) | 121/818 (14.8) | 0.557 |
| Pneumothorax | 5/1373 (0.4) | 3/556 (0.5) | 2/817 (0.2) | 0.488 |
| Pleural effusion | 29/1367 (2.1) | 6/552 (1.1) | 23/815 (2.8) | 0.032 |
| Stroke | 11/1373 (0.8) | 4/555 (0.7) | 7/818 (0.9) | 0.669 |
| Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 9/1369 (0.7) | 2/554 (0.4) | 7/815 (0.9) | 0.360 |
| Thrombosis | 55/824 (6.7) | 23/338 (6.8) | 32/486 (6.6) | 0.833 |
| Acute renal failure | 165/1373 (12.0) | 37/556 (6.6) | 128/817 (15.7) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||
| HCQ monotherapy | 28/1549 (1.8) | 7/642 (1.1) | 21/907 (2.3) | 0.075 |
| HCQ+AZ | 927/1549 (59.8) | 448/642 (69.8) | 479/907 (52.8) | <0.001 |
| HCQ+LP/r | 98/1549 (6.3) | 32/642 (5.0) | 66/907 (7.3) | <0.001 |
| HCQ+AZ+LP/r | 287/1549 (18.5) | 90/642 (14.0) | 197/907 (21.7) | <0.001 |
| HCQ+LP/r+IFN-b | 37/1549 (2.4) | 12/642 (1.9) | 25/907 (2.8) | 0.260 |
| HCQ+AZ+LP/r+IFN-b | 113/1549 (7.3) | 37/642 (5.8) | 76/907 (8.4) | 0.051 |
| Tocilizumab | 240/1549 (15.5) | 144/642 (22.4) | 96/907 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroids | 684/1549 (44.2) | 264/642 (41.1) | 420/907 (46.3) | <0.001 |
AZ, azithromicine; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HCQ, hydroxicloroquine; IFN-b, interferon-beta; LP/r, lopinavir-ritonavir; OSAS, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.