Table 1.

Main demographic and clinical features of COVID-19 patients by setting and vitamin D supplementation

Characteristic	Group 1 (PD patients, n = 105)	Group 2 (caregivers of PD patients, n = 92)	Group 3 (hospital inpatients, n = 127)	Supplemented (n = 38)	Non-supplemented (n = 286)	P*
Male sex, n (%)	55 (52.4)	44 (47.8)	58 (45.7)	16 (42.1)	141 (49.3)	0.49
Age, y, mean (SD)	70.5 (10.1)	65.4 (11.0)	73.5 (14.7)	68.8 (10.6)	70.5 (13.1)	0.39
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD)	25.6 (4.9)	25.2 (4.4)	25.1 (4.5)	25.1 (4.5)	25.4 (4.4)	0.74
Obesity, n (%)	19 (18.1)	13 (14.1)	14 (11.0)	5 (13.2)	41 (14.3)	0.99
Comorbidities, n, mean (SD)	1.6 (0.7)†	0.9 (0.8)	1.9 (1.3)	1.5 (1.2)	1.5 (1.1)	0.92
Ischemic heart disease, n (%)	5 (4.8)	5 (5.4)	51 (40.2)	8 (21.1)	53 (18.5)	0.66
Hypertension, n (%)	44 (41.9)	51 (55.4)	87 (68.5)	20 (52.6)	162 (56.6)	0.73
Diabetes, n (%)	8 (7.6)	11 (12.0)	38 (29.9)	6 (15.8)	51 (17.8)	1.00
COPD, n (%)	6 (5.7)	8 (8.7)	15 (11.8)	2 (5.3)	27 (9.4)	0.55
Cancer, n (%)	1 (0.9)	2 (2.2)	26 (20.5)	6 (15.8)	20 (7.0)	0.10
PD, n (%)	105 (100)	0 (0)	1 (0.1)	13 (34.2)	93 (32.5)	0.86
Vitamin D supplementation, n (%)	13 (12.4)	14 (15.2)	11 (8.7)	—	—	—
Serum 25OHD, ng/mL, mean (SD)‡	—	—	13.2 (11.1)	32.9 (14.8)	11.3 (8.6)	<0.001
Hospitalization, n (%)	18 (17.1)	25 (27.2)	—	—	—	—
In-hospital mortality, n (%)§	6 (33.3)	7 (28.0)	34 (26.8)	See Table 2

25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PD, Parkinson disease; SD, standard deviation.

^⁎Supplemented versus non-supplemented according to the unpaired Student's t test (continuous variables) or the Fisher's exact test (categorical variables).

^†Including PD.

^‡In hospital inpatients only.

^§In-hospital mortality (%) has been calculated according to the number of hospitalized patients.