In vivo use of conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) Ad5/3‐Cox2CRAd‐ΔE3‐ADP‐Luc to monitor the pancreatic cancer cell response to gemcitabine. Established MiaPaCa‐2 xenografts in BALB/c nu/nu mice were injected i.p. with gemcitabine weekly, then on days 33 (a) and 40 (b), 1.0 × 1010 viral particles CRAd(Ad5/3‐Cox2CRAd‐ΔE3‐ADP‐Luc) in 50 μL PBS were injected intratumorally. On day 36 (a) and day 42 (b), tumors (upper left panel) and bioluminescence were measured (lower left panel), and the tumors were removed and stained with H&E (upper right panel) and Ki‐67 (lower right panel). (c) Xenograft growth was monitored by gross tumor volume, by% viable tumor area and CRAd bioluminescence. The correlations between these measurements were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Bioluminescence correlated closely with% viable tumor area (R = 0.96) but not with gross tumor volume (R = 0.31).