TABLE 3.
For 1-y-old infants, ORs (95% CIs) of scores at or below −2 SDs of the mean for each development domain according to quintile for fish intake during pregnancy (n = 77,751)
| Quintile for fish intake | P value for trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (low) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (high) | ||
| Median intake of fish,1 g/d | 5.5 | 18.6 | 30.0 | 43.5 | 69.1 | |
| Communication | ||||||
| Scores >2 SDs below average | 15,062 | 15,014 | 15,003 | 15,032 | 15,020 | |
| Scores ≤2 SDs below average | 488 | 536 | 548 | 518 | 530 | |
| Crude OR | 1.00 | 1.10 (0.97, 1.25) | 1.13 (0.996, 1.28) | 1.06 (0.94, 1.21) | 1.09 (0.96, 1.23) | 0.4 |
| Adjusted OR2 | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.93, 1.19) | 1.06 (0.93, 1.20) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.11) | 1.00 (0.88, 1.14) | 0.6 |
| Gross motor | ||||||
| Scores >2 SDs below average | 14,683 | 14,674 | 14,619 | 14,593 | 14,646 | |
| Scores ≤2 SDs below average | 867 | 876 | 932 | 957 | 904 | |
| Crude OR | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.11) | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) | 1.11 (1.01, 1.22) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.15) | 0.09 |
| Adjusted OR2 | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.15) | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.8 |
| Fine motor | ||||||
| Scores >2 SDs below average | 14,603 | 14,620 | 14,581 | 14,633 | 14,659 | |
| Scores ≤2 SDs below average | 947 | 930 | 970 | 917 | 891 | |
| Crude OR | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.06) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.2 |
| Adjusted OR2 | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.87, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.08) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.02 |
| Problem-solving | ||||||
| Scores >2 SDs below average | 14,688 | 14,693 | 14,699 | 14,756 | 14,747 | |
| Scores ≤2 SDs below average | 862 | 857 | 852 | 794 | 803 | |
| Crude OR | 1.00 | 0.99 (0.90, 1.10) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 0.92 (0.83, 1.01) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.02) | 0.04 |
| Adjusted OR2 | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | 0.97 (0.88, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.98) | 0.90 (0.81, 0.99) | 0.005 |
| Personal-social | ||||||
| Scores >2 SDs below average | 15,086 | 15,097 | 15,096 | 15,039 | 15,056 | |
| Scores ≤2 SDs below average | 464 | 453 | 455 | 511 | 494 | |
| Crude OR | 1.00 | 0.98 (0.86, 1.11) | 0.98 (0.86, 1.12) | 1.11 (0.97, 1.26) | 1.07 (0.94, 1.21) | 0.08 |
| Adjusted OR2 | 1.00 | 0.92 (0.81, 1.05) | 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.89, 1.15) | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | 0.6 |
1
Dietary intake between learning of pregnancy and the second/third trimester. Quintile medians in grams per day adjusted energy intake using the residual method.
2
Covariates were adjusted for age, previous deliveries, prepregnancy BMI, highest maternal educational level, annual household income, marital status, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, employment status, presence of congenital anomaly, child's sex, and use of EPA and/or DHA supplementation.