TABLE 4.
Summary of adjusted ORs for dietary intake of fish and PUFAs for each development domain1
| Assessment at 6 mo (n = 81,697) | Assessment at 1 y (n = 77,751) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile for fish or PUFA intake | P value for trend | Quintile for fish or PUFA intake | P value for trend | |||||||||
| 1 (low) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (high) | 1 (low) | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 (high) | |||
| Fish2 | ||||||||||||
| Communication | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 0.93 | 0.2 | 1.00 | 1.05 | 1.06 | 0.98 | 1.00 | 0.6 |
| Gross motor | 1.00 | 1.13 | 1.03 | 0.98 | 0.96 | 0.2 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.8 |
| Fine motor | 1.00 | 0.86* | 0.90 | 0.86* | 0.90 | 0.2 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 0.92 | 0.90* | 0.02 |
| Problem-solving | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.88* | 0.01 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.89* | 0.90* | 0.005 |
| Personal-social | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.98 | 0.92 | 1.01 | 0.8 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.91 | 1.01 | 0.99 | 0.6 |
| n–3 PUFAs2 | ||||||||||||
| Communication | 1.00 | 0.86 | 1.03 | 0.94 | 0.84* | 0.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.93 | 0.2 |
| Gross motor | 1.00 | 1.16 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.03 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.2 |
| Fine motor | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.88 | 0.84* | 0.87* | 0.02 | 1.00 | 0.92 | 0.92 | 0.90* | 0.86** | 0.003 |
| Problem-solving | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.89* | 0.89* | 0.053 | 1.00 | 0.90* | 0.87** | 0.88* | 0.79*** | <0.0001 |
| Personal-social | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.97 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 0.85* | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.96 | 0.9 |
| n–6 PUFAs2 | ||||||||||||
| Communication | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.92 | 1.04 | 0.83* | 0.04 | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 1.01 | 0.8 |
| Gross motor | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 0.94 | 0.4 | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.93 | 0.88** | 0.91* | 0.008 |
| Fine motor | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.87* | 0.90 | 0.84* | 0.003 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 0.91* | 0.95 | 0.89* | 0.04 |
| Problem-solving | 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.96 | 0.90 | 0.104 | 1.00 | 0.88** | 0.88* | 0.87** | 0.84*** | 0.001 |
| Personal-social | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.83 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 1.0 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.89 | 0.94 | 0.98 | 0.9 |
| n–6/n–3 ratios2 | ||||||||||||
| Communication | 1.00 | 1.12 | 1.04 | 1.07 | 1.09 | 0.5 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 1.07 | 0.5 |
| Gross motor | 1.00 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 0.96 | 1.08 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 0.87** | 1.05 | 0.9 |
| Fine motor | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 0.94 | 1.10 | 0.3 | 1.00 | 0.98 | 1.06 | 0.97 | 1.09 | 0.103 |
| Problem-solving | 1.00 | 1.09 | 1.04 | 1.02 | 1.14* | 0.12 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.01 | 1.13* | 0.02 |
| Personal-social | 1.00 | 1.06 | 0.86 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.5 | 1.00 | 0.99 | 0.97 | 0.97 | 1.00 | 0.8 |
ORs and P values for trend were calculated by multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, previous deliveries, prepregnancy BMI, highest maternal educational level, annual household income, marital status, alcohol intake, smoking status, physical activity, employment status, presence of congenital anomaly, child's sex, and use of EPA and/or DHA supplementation. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.
Details of fish are described in Tables 2 and 3, n–3 PUFAs in Supplemental Tables 1 and 2, n–6 PUFAs in Supplemental Tables 3 and 4, and n–6/n–3 PUFAs in Supplemental Tables 5 and 6.
Dietary intake between learning of pregnancy and the second/third trimester.