TABLE 2.
Association between MVPA and incident diabetes according to age groups in US Hispanic/Latino adults1
| Quartile for MVPA2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-trend | |
| Men and women | |||||
| ≤50 y | |||||
| Cases/participants | 113/974 | 107/1119 | 94/1164 | 104/1163 | |
| Incidence rate3 | 13.5 (10.1, 16.9) | 13.1 (9.3, 17.0) | 13.5 (8.9, 18.1) | 16.3 (11.1, 21.5) | |
| Model 1, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.23) | 0.77 (0.52, 1.14) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.33) | 0.67 |
| Model 2, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.83 (0.57, 1.21) | 0.76 (0.52, 1.12) | 0.94 (0.66, 1.33) | 0.72 |
| Model 3, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.85 (0.59, 1.23) | 0.78 (0.53, 1.16) | 0.98 (0.66, 1.47) | 0.92 |
| Model 4, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.88 (0.61, 1.28) | 0.81 (0.55, 1.21) | 1.12 (0.73, 1.69) | 0.68 |
| >50 y | |||||
| Cases/participants | 207/1085 | 96/664 | 86/634 | 64/477 | |
| Incidence rate3 | 34.9 (28.9, 40.8) | 22.1 (16.3, 28.0) | 22.7 (16.1, 29.3) | 20.6 (13.1, 28.0) | |
| Model 1, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.62 (0.45, 0.87) | 0.54 (0.39, 0.76) | 0.47 (0.33, 0.66) | <0.001 |
| Model 2, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.65 (0.48, 0.89) | 0.59 (0.42, 0.80) | 0.49 (0.35, 0.68) | <0.001 |
| Model 3, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.66 (0.48, 0.90) | 0.59 (0.42, 0.84) | 0.50 (0.35, 0.73) | <0.001 |
| Model 4, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.70 (0.51, 0.96) | 0.65 (0.45, 0.92) | 0.56 (0.38, 0.82) | <0.001 |
| Men | |||||
| ≤50 y | |||||
| Cases/participants | 45/392 | 39/417 | 34/431 | 48/437 | |
| Incidence rate3 | 14.4 (8.8, 19.9) | 11.6 (6.0, 17.2) | 16.4 (8.0, 24.8) | 22.3 (13.8, 30.7) | |
| Model 1, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.73 (0.41, 1.28) | 0.75 (0.43, 1.32) | 1.02 (0.57, 1.82) | 0.81 |
| Model 2, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.75 (0.42, 1.33) | 0.76 (0.45, 1.26) | 1.04 (0.62, 1.76) | 0.76 |
| Model 3, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.75 (0.42, 1.33) | 0.76 (0.43, 1.32) | 1.04 (0.55, 1.96) | 0.84 |
| Model 4, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.75 (0.42, 1.36) | 0.77 (0.44, 1.34) | 1.15 (0.59, 2.24) | 0.64 |
| >50 y | |||||
| Cases/participants | 83/398 | 37/237 | 29/215 | 24/176 | |
| Incidence rate3 | 42.2 (32.4, 52.0) | 22.6 (13.9, 31.4) | 22.9 (11.9, 33.8) | 24.7 (12.4, 37.0) | |
| Model 1, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.52 (0.32, 0.85) | 0.46 (0.27, 0.77) | 0.44 (0.26, 0.75) | <0.001 |
| Model 2, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.54 (0.35, 0.82) | 0.50 (0.30, 0.84) | 0.48 (0.28, 0.81) | 0.001 |
| Model 3, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.52 (0.34, 0.81) | 0.48 (0.27, 0.86) | 0.45 (0.25, 0.80) | 0.003 |
| Model 4, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.57 (0.37, 0.89) | 0.54 (0.30, 0.97) | 0.50 (0.28, 0.88) | 0.001 |
| Women | |||||
| ≤50 y | |||||
| Cases/participants | 68/582 | 68/702 | 60/733 | 56/726 | |
| Incidence rate3 | 13.5 (9.0, 18.1) | 14.5 (9.9, 19.0) | 11.1 (7.2, 15.0) | 10.7 (6.6, 14.8) | |
| Model 1, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 (0.60, 1.59) | 0.77 (0.47, 1.28) | 0.77 (0.48, 1.24) | 0.20 |
| Model 2, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.98 (0.62, 1.56) | 0.76 (0.46, 1.25) | 0.75 (0.47, 1.17) | 0.13 |
| Model 3, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.01 (0.64, 1.61) | 0.80 (0.48, 1.31) | 0.81 (0.48, 1.39) | 0.31 |
| Model 4, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.17 (0.74, 1.85) | 0.84 (0.49, 1.45) | 0.99 (0.57, 1.72) | 0.65 |
| >50 y | |||||
| Cases/participants | 124/687 | 59/427 | 57/419 | 40/301 | |
| Incidence rate3 | 29.3 (22.2, 36.4) | 21.7 (14.3, 29.2) | 22.8 (15.4, 30.2) | 15.8 (9.5, 22.1) | |
| Model 1, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.74 (0.48, 1.12) | 0.64 (0.42, 0.97) | 0.48 (0.29, 0.77) | 0.002 |
| Model 2, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.73 (0.48, 1.09) | 0.63 (0.43, 0.93) | 0.46 (0.28, 0.73) | 0.001 |
| Model 3, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.77 (0.50, 1.17) | 0.69 (0.46, 1.03) | 0.53 (0.32, 0.89) | 0.012 |
| Model 4, RR (95% CI) | 1.00 (reference) | 0.82 (0.54, 1.24) | 0.76 (0.50, 1.13) | 0.61 (0.36, 1.02) | 0.053 |
Results were from multivariable survey Poisson regression models that were weighted for survey design, nonresponse, and noncompliance with accelerometer wear protocols. Model 1 included study field center, baseline age, sex (where appropriate), and Hispanic/Latino background. Model 2 included the covariates in model 1 and education (no high school, at most high school, greater than high school), annual household income (≤
10,000; 
10,001–
25,000; 
25,001–
50,000; 
50,001–
75,000; ≥
75,001), employment status (retired and not employed, not retired and not employed, part-time employed, full-time employed), smoking (never, former, current ≤10 pack-years, current >10 pack-years), alcohol consumption (never, former, current ≤2 drinks/d in men or ≤1 drink/d in women, current >2 drinks/d in men or >1 drink/d in women), Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010 score (continuous), total energy intake (kcal/d), history of cardiovascular disease (yes, no), number of days wearing accelerometer, and family history of diabetes (yes, no). Model 3 included the covariates in model 2 and sedentary time (h/d). Model 4 included the covariates in model 3 and baseline waist circumference (cm). MVPA, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; Q, quartile.
Quartiles are sex specific due to the substantially different MVPA levels in men and women. MVPA ranges across quartiles are ≤12.4, 12.5–25.5, 25.6–47.9, and ≥48.0 min/d in men and ≤5.7, 5.8–13.9, 14.0–29.1, and ≥29.2 min/d in women, respectively. P values for interaction between MVPA quartile and age on diabetes risk were 0.006 for the whole study population, 0.006 for men, and 0.41 for women based on model 3, and the corresponding values based on model 4 were 0.014, 0.008, and 0.53.
Age-adjusted incidence rate per 1000 person-years.